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Innovation is the process through which the entrepreneur converts market opportunities into workable, profitable and marketable ideas. It is the application of something creative that has a significant impact on an organization, an industry or the society at large. Innovation is critical not only to facilitate differentiation, but also to bring about sustainable competitive advantage. The study employed survey research using questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Two hundred subjects responded to the questionnaire. Five hypotheses were formulated and tested using multiple regression, t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Analysis of Variance. The study suggested, among other findings, that there is an association or relationship between cultural values and entrepreneurial innovativeness in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that entrepreneurs should consider their cultural values and ethnic dispositions in their business pursuits since they can go a long way in determining entrepreneurial innovativeness.

Gastric ulceration is a common adverse effect of many medications. Bisphosphonates (BPs) that is used for osteoporosis, is associated with peptic ulcer manifested -in its severe state- in hemorrhage and perforation. Methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) which is used for osteoarthritis was used to prevent BPs ulceration. Our objective was to study the effect of MSM on preventing peptic ulcer induced by Alendronate (ALN) in rats. The experiments had been done on eight white Wister rats for each group. The gastric ulcer has been induced by administration of Alendronate (20mg/kg/day) by gavage for 4 days. MSM (400mg/kg/day) has been given for the protective group for 4 days before administration of Alendronate. The gastric ulcers in rats' stomachs were examined histologically and microscopically. The ulcer index and protective index were measured, and then the statistical analyses were carried out. The results showed that the Administration of MSM before Alendronate inducing ulcer led to a reduction in ulcer index and showed significant difference comparing with morbidity group. The conclusion was that MSM (400 mg/kg/day) has a protective effect of peptic ulcer induced by alendronate.

Teacher education level and teacher experience, are two main attributes of teacher, however gender and age also plays a significant role in teaching. The study analyzed the relationship between teacher characteristics and the choice of pedagogy adopted when teaching Christian Religious Education. The study employed quantitative method and cross sectional research design. 357 participants were sampled using Krejcie and Morgan table. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicated that teachers’ level of education, age, teaching experience and status as an examiner has significant relationship with the choice of pedagogical approach adopted by CRE teachers. In all cases, p-values are greater than the level of significance of 0.05

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IT in spending leisure time of high school students of physical education academes in Kurdistan province. Its method was a descriptive – correlation one. The data were collected through a research made questionnaire, statistical population included 255 boy and girl students and all of them were selected as the sample size. Descriptive statistical (e.g. frequency, percentage, mean, SD, tables, graphs) and inferential statistics (e.g. correlation coefficient and simultaneous multi-variable linear regression) were used to analysis the data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between role of IT and spending leisure time. There was a significant relationship between the time duration of using IT subscale and spending leisure time. There was a significant relationship between the level of IT knowledge subscale and spending leisure time. There was a significant relationship between the cost of using technology subscale and spending leisure time. There was a significant relationship between the use of technology and spending leisure time. IT was a good predictor for spending leisure time.

The compound term ‘Street children’ refers to a group of children with special age groups who are passing through their adolescence having identity crisis and strongly feeling need for support and help. These children are de facto those who walk on the shoulders of the streets to earn some money for their families. Their contact with their families varies from a daily visit to a few times a year; however, they feel a sense of belonging to them [families]. In the present study, the researcher has tried to investigate the motives/reasons that account for the coming-into-existence and development of the street children who take up jobs that never conform to the norms of the society and he has also strived to scrutinize the different aspects of young age employment.

We all know that a certain story may be told differently by various people. It is interesting to know whether a person’s social characteristics and career have any possible effect on the way they tell a story. Therefore, the main aim of the present research study is to investigate whether there is any correlation between the social class of different people and the way they tell a story. To this aim, 15 people with different social classes, 5 janitors, 5 teachers and 5 doctors of medicine, were selected randomly. They were all from Rasht and asked to describe one terrible story of their lives. Then by using Labov and Waletzky’s story component, the gathered data were analyzed. The results indicated that there is no significant correlation between the social class of the participants and the way they tell a story. In other words, according to the gathered data, no fixed pattern was found for the way different people who belong to a specific social class tell a story.

The study was an examination of the Amnesty Programme proclaimed for militant in the Niger-Delta by the President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua’s administration in 2009, within the context of the role of the Nigerian State in the management and resolution of the conflicts. This was against the backdrop of the protracted conflicts that engulfed the region. At the peak of the conflicts, there were frequent attacks and vandalizations of oil and gas pipelines and installations, of and the rampant abductions of expatriates by militant groups spread over five hundred camps in the creeks of the Niger-Delta. The total population for the area studied was 31, 224,577. Major findings of the study revealed that the Amnesty Programmeproclaimed for militants in the Niger-Delta was to stop the carnage perpetrated by the militants and usher in peace, progress and development in the region. This no doubt entrenched durable peace in the Nigeria-Delta Region of Nigeria.Thus the paper clearly elucidates on the importance of the amnesty programme as a very vital instrument of sustainable peacebuilding, and emphasizes o the need for holistic reforms that address despoliation,pauperization and colossal underdevelopment of Niger Delta region, which were the raison d’etre for the crisis. The paper further made some laudable recommendations towards an all- inclusive amnesty programme which will usher in sustainable peace, security, infrastructure, high human capital and enduring sustainable development to the region.

The curriculum is beneficial activities that provide many benefits to students. The purpose of this study was to look at the students' perception of involvement in extra-curricular activities of the students' personality enhancement that can impact the discipline and leadership style. A total of 278 students have taken as samples, representing an estimated population of 1000 student semester 1 and 2 Polytechnics Ibrahim Sultan (PIS) that are directly involved in the subject of AR 101 and AR 201 Co-curriculum Curriculum 2. Researchers use questionnaires circulated to selected respondents. The data obtained from the findings of the questionnaire were analyses by using that Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19. The results of this analysis that will generate a percentage and mean based on data obtained from the questionnaire. The results mean the study was 0.84 for positive questions and items for item negative 0.20 question that reflects students agree that extra-curricular activities capable of improving the personality.

In the world of FMCG and soft drink market, importance of Trade marketing cannot be ignored; different companies are spending a huge budget on different trade marketing activities, which ultimately affect the annual sales volume. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between trade marketing activities and the annual sales volume of soft drink retail in Pakistan, soft drink is the industry which is investing the most on trade marketing activities It is hoped that this study has served the purpose of providing an overview of soft drink industry and trade marketing and relationship between different trade marketing variables and annual sales volume. Primary data is collected from 300 retailers through a field survey and after this survey I have analyzed this data by using SPSS, and for better understanding of Trade marketing strategies lot of information about different trade marketing strategies used by Coca-Cola is gathered through detailed sessions with Coca-Cola Trade marketing manager and Sales Training manger.

Equations of curves or straight lines have reference to certain set of axes. In fact we shall have different equations for the same curve or straight line when referred to different set of co-ordinate axes. This may happen when the origin is shifted to a point keeping the directions of the axes the same or when the axes are rotated through same angle keeping the origin unaltered. Transformation of an object in computer graphics is based on mathematical theory and uses an important concept related to matrix theory. Transformation of an object may be related to 2dimensional or 3 dimensional or more .A transformation which map 3-D objects onto 2-D screen we are going to call it Projection .In general there are two ways to represent the transformation of an object (i) transformation are done by using the rules of co-ordinates axes (ii)transformation are done by representing in the matrix form. In this paper it is tried to study the properties of matrix used to develop transformation of an object related to computer graphics theory. It is tried to study set of non-zero vectors are used to represent a matrix and is helpful to do transformation of an object. Keywords : object ; transformation ; dimensional; matrix;