Archives-J  

Metal oxides play a very important role in many areas of chemistry, physics and materials science.  The metal elements are able to form a large diversity of oxide compounds.  These can adopt a vast number of structural geometries with an electronic structure that can exhibit metallic, semiconductor or insulator character. In technological applications, oxides are used in the fabrication of microelectronic circuits, sensors, Piezo-electric devices, fuel cells, coatings for the passivation of surfaces against corrosion, and as catalysts. In the emerging field of nanotechnology, a goal is to make nanostructures or nanoarrays with special properties with respect to those of bulk or single particle species.  Oxide nanoparticles can exhibit unique physical and chemical properties due to their limited size and a high density of corner or edge surface sites. Amomg the metal oxides,  Magnesium oxide (MgO) is widely used in the chemical industry as a scrubber for air pollutant gases (CO₂, NO_X, SO_X) and as a catalyst support.  It exhibits a rock salt structure like oxides of other alkaline earth metals.  The non-polar (100) face is by far the most stable surface,  and particles of MgO usually display a cubic shape. For example, when Mg metal is burned in air or oxygen, the MgO smoke particles that are formed are almost perfect cubes having (100) faces.

An attempt has been made to prepare mixed metal oxide (MMO) nanoparticles of Zr, Al, Si by sol-gel route from commercially available zircon flour, fly ash and aluminum metal respectively. Isopropoxides of zirconium and silicon from zircon and isopropoxides of alumino silicates from fly ash were prepared in separate experiments by alkoxylation of corresponding fluorides/fluoro acids that were obtained by digesting separately, zircon and fly ash respectively in hydrofluoric acid. Aluminum isopropoxides was prepared by alkolxylation of sodium aluminate that was prepared by dissolving aluminum metal in sodium hydroxide. MMO nanoparticles was obtained by neutralizing the isopropoxides of zircon and fly ash (1:1, v/v) respectively with aluminum isopropoxide. SEM and TEM analysis of the MMO nanoparticles revealed that the average size of primary particle is in the range of 2nm to 4 nm. EDAX of MMO nanoparticles indicated presence of aluminum (Al), zirconium (Zr) and silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).Compressive strength of poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA] reinforced with MMO nanoparticles was found to be superior to that of neat PMMA and PMMA composites reinforced with MMO micron particles.

The main objective of the research presented herein was to developed poly(dodecyl phenol formaldehyde)-b-poly(oxypropylene) block copolymer for asphaltene precipitation problem and performance of some asphaltene inhibitors\dispersant for a heavy crude oil provided by the Hossia crude oil (Ras Gharib – Egyptian Eastern desert). The dispersants/inhibitors was synthesized in tow steps; 1) synthesis of poly(dodecyl phenol formaldehyde) resin (PDPF) at three different molecular weights (1936, 4047 and 8092) namely PDPF1, PDPF2 and PDPF3 respectively; 2) propoxylation of the prepared compounds to produce PDPF1-b-POP, PDPF2-b-POP and PDPF3-b-POP has molecular weight (3096, 5179 and 9202) respectively. All of the synthesized compounds were evaluated as asphaltene inhibitors/dispersants at 100, 500 and 1000 ppm using UV spectrophotometer. The molecular weights were determined by GPC. The chemical structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by IR and H1NMR. The crude oil was analyzed by GC. The results also revealed distinct inhibition of asphaltene precipitation in crude oils.

Textile industry is the major source of water consumption and wastewater pollution.  There are various treatment techniques to remove textile wastewater pollution.  Textile wet processing unit involves a variety of chemicals comprising a various class of dyes along with huge amount of water resulting from wet processing operation. The conservations of chemical become a most important aspect for environment specially in consideration of the pollution phenomenon and increasing cost of chemicals in order to make the industry much more competitive in the globalize context. For that reason, liquid waste management and waste volume reduction by the product recovery are essential. In the case of India many wet processing industries and about 80% of these are woven fabric dyeing industries are needed to feed the fabric in the garments industries.  For these reasons, effluent treatment planning is a burning question for a wet processing unit. In order to solve these problems as textile technologist we should define many corrective measures.  This paper deals with the effluent standards and different wastages of woven fabric wet processing industries along with reverse osmosis treatment and SDI (Silt Density Index) explained in detail.  It also deals with the various advantages, comparison of RO feed and permeates, RO feed and reject parameters of Silica, Sulphate, Free Chlorine, Chlorides, Silicate and S.D.Index.  RO feed and permeate parameters Si reduced by – 95.46%, SO4 reduced by – 99.19%, Cl¯ reduced by – 94.51%, SiO2 reduced by – 95.22% and SDI reduced by – 100.00%.

Year-long supplies of fresh food have been made possible by improvements in controlled storage conditions, shipping and importing. A fresh weekly food supply at the local supermarket has eliminated the need for the home preservation and food processing of earlier days. Today, we may choose to preserve and process food for reasons besides availability such as the price of food, quality and nutrition. For these reasons, gardeners who find themselves with a surplus of fresh produce at the end of the season may decide to store and preserve. When conditions are not suitable for storage or immediate marketing of fresh produce, many horticultural crops can be processed using simple technologies. There are some processing methods that can be used by small-scale handlers, including drying, fermenting, canning, freezing, preserving and juicing which are highlighted in this review. Fruits, vegetables and flowers can all be dried and stored for use or sale in the future.

Management nowadays is something more than a job or a profession and it became the combination of science, art, skill. Managers in such a complex and dynamic industrial societies of these days, regarding the increasing knowledge in all fields and unreliable conditions of global competitive, cannot succeed just by using managing skills and there is no option but using leadership skills. Management is the art of making others do the job for you, but leadership is the process of influence others in the way that they conduct the work of their own accord and prefer the organization's interest to their own in all areas. A manager needs four skills: understanding, humanity, technical, and specialist. So he can do his duties such as planning, coordinating, organizing, controlling and supervising leadership and guidance, budgeting and industrial innovating. the manager's characteristics are (managing knowledge, art, experience and intrinsic management competency; however a leader must have characteristics such as great intelligence ,self-control ,self-confidence, charm ,speech influence ,high understanding ,emotional stability in addition to above items) and therefore ,when science and technology leaders come to an agreement and experience the deepest human relationship with their employees ,they achieve the most successful outcomes. The fast changes are permanent in the nowadays industrial world and leaders most perform different roles in this changing world so they can be successful in all aspects. Effort for success in the new science, specially nano technology and it`s application in the petroleum industry, definitely needs to such leaders who can lead the employees through the recognition of their potentials and used each of them in its place and to help leaders to achieve results.

Phishing is a criminal mechanism employing both social engineering and technical subterfuge to steal consumers’ personal identity data and financial account credentials. Social engineering schemes use spoofed e-mails purporting to be from legitimate businesses and agencies to lead consumers to counterfeit websites designed to trick recipients into divulging financial data such as usernames and passwords. Technical subterfuge schemes plant crimeware onto PCs to steal credentials directly, often using systems to intercept consumers online account user names and passwords and to corrupt local navigational infrastructures to misdirect consumers to counterfeit websites (or authentic websites through phisher controlled proxies used to monitor and intercept consumers’ keystrokes). Web sites that are frequently spoofed by phishers include PayPal, eBay, MSN, Yahoo, BestBuy etc. Some of the criminals behind phishing scams have even gone so far as to create websites that appear to be operated by government agencies. According to latest phishing reports submitted to APWG of 26,402 in March 2011 was down 35 percent from the all-time high of 40,621 in August, 2009.[1]Though many agencies, personnel’s working for combatting this problem new techniques have been developed to outsmart them. This paper aims to discuss latest phishing techniques, motivation, causes of vulnerability of systems in detail. This analysis aims to help users & organization to avoid being victims and to take primary preventive measures.

The goal of this project is to automatically detect and recognize some objects in an image by using a multi-agents architecture. A knowledge database is thus necessary and should contain an invariant description of known objects for the desired application. An agent processes an area of the image, its goal is to detect an object and check if this object belongs to the knowledge database. Point matching is an important aim in the research work. A digital image may undergo any arbitrary translational, rotational changes because of which the object shape may change. In this paper we present a novel approach for shape and feature matching using putative point matching.

The structural adjustments programmers adopted in a number of countries have brought home the vulnerability of human development variables. The linkages between investments in human development programmes and economic development have become sharper. There have been major international developments-such as the opening of global markets, the increased market orientation of economies and the restructuring in socialist countries-which have given rise to an increased competition, forcing developing countries to produce and market quality products at competitive prices.

Investing in education is imperative in this knowledge based economy to sustain a competitive edge. As we are aware, the higher education level is a significant factor for a long term economic growth. To ensure students’ are well equipped with the foundation for a higher level, a proper transition from primary right up to tertiary is crucial. In retrospect, poor achievement in higher learning institution has been an invariable issue and has drawn the attention of the higher learning institution, especially in numerical subjects like the College Mathematics. Although research of the higher learning institution places emphasis on classroom intervention to enhance students’ achievement, a study in the phenomenon from the perspective of course setting of the high school level mathematics education as reason behind poor performance in college is also vital. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of students’ performance in high school Mathematics on students’ academic performance in College Mathematics. The respondents of this study were the students from a private college. This study revealed that performance in high school Mathematics has an association with student’s performance in College Mathematics, while gender and medium of study act as moderators.