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This paper tests the effect of authentic leadership on gender directly. ``Authentic leaders know who they are, what they believe and value, and . . . act upon those values and beliefs while transparently interacting with others (Avolio, Gardner, Walumbwa, Luthans, & May, 2004, p. 803). `` Theorists accept that this self-aware, value-oriented behavior automatically produces positive outcomes in followers’ attitudes, behavior, and performance by acting via mediational processes that inherit followers’ trust, hope, and other positive emotions (Avolio et al., 2004). The aim of this perspective article is to present the argument that authentic leadership is a gendered representation of leadership. It is first presented a brief history of leadership theories and definitions of authentic leadership. Then critique authentic leadership and offer arguments to support the premise that authentic leadership is not gender-neutral and is especially challenging for women. This paper attempts to shed light on what we know and don’t know about authentic leadership. Paper mainly includes 4 sections. It starts with the introduction and in that part authentic leadership is broadly defined. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. Causes of effects on gender will be explained and authentic leadership et cetera will be discussed in detail. In addition to these, model will be presented based on traditional leadership theories and positive leadership theories. In section 3, after explaining the gender differences among authentic leadership, insight will be brought up for discussion and comparison with these 2 different groups. Section 4 will include further research, discussion and conclusion. Besides giving insight about authentic leadership for comparison purposes between different genders, the purpose of this paper is to provide information for the potential researchers about basic aspects of authentic leadership.

The foreign bodies of the oropharynx constitute a frequent emergency in the child. Management assumes a general rule that any foreign body that has penetrated through the natural pathways can be extracted by the same routes. The particularity of this foreign body and the difficulties encountered during its extraction.a 6-year-old girl admitted to take charge of a foreign body. This is a pen hat trapped in the para-pharyngeal space, examination of the oral cavity finds the extremity Distal of the cap of the visible hat through a 1 cm wound between the left lateral wall of the oropharynx without active bleeding, CT showed the foreign body enclosed in the left parapharyngeal space and which came into contact with l. The vascular axis of the neck without vascular lesions. The extraction was difficult since the hat was hung like a hook under the mucosa. It was performed under general anesthesia by the natural route.

Software Engineering upholds the productivity of quality software products that meets the customer requirements. Requirements engineering ensures the customer satisfaction through the selection of requirements through elicitation processes. Requirement elicitation promotes prioritizing a set of requirements that enables the stakeholders for conformance to the requirements to be built. Requirement prioritization process solves critical decision making problems towards the selection of requirements among group of inappropriate requirements. The main objective of the comparison of the prioritization techniques concludes the differences between them in terms of cost and time. This paper compares and elaborates the prioritization technique that provides a deep study of their constraints, objectives and selection basis of the requirements.

Politics is determination of the will of the government which is the subject of the political sciences and the administration of affairs is execution of the will of the government which is the subject of the administrative sciences. Politics and the public affairs administration are in equilibrium with another. In other words, the administration of the public affairs is a ground for the execution of the government's will and stands against the policy which determines the structure of the public affairs administration. Investigating each of the mentioned instances entails attention to the other. Types of governmental systems based on centralization are centralized, decentralized, condensed and federal and confederate. In the centralized, decentralized and condensed governmental systems, there is a delegation of power from the central government to the local governments, while in the federal and confederate governmental systems there is no such transfer of power. In each of the centralization and decentralization systems, the national state monitors the affairs, but the type and intensity of monitoring will be different. However, the main question relating to the paper is how monitoring is taking place in the political system governing the Islamic Republic of Iran with a look at two common centralized and decentralize systems based on the Islamic Republic of Iran's constitution? In writing this paper, the library method and such tools as note taking and Internet content were applied where each was discussed while collecting data.

This paper suggests a new exponential ratio-type estimator for estimating the population variance using information of two auxiliary attributes in SRSWOR based on the adaption of the estimator presented by Lu et al. (2014). Problem is extended to the case of two phase sampling. The expressions for the mean square error of the proposed estimator have been derived. The proposed estimator has been compared theoretically with the usual unbiased estimator, usual ratio type estimator, estimator proposed by Chauhan et al. (2009) and the estimator proposed by Singh et al. (2009) and the conditions under which the proposed estimator are better than some existing estimators have also been given. An empirical study has also been carried out using two population data sets to demonstrate the efficiencies of the proposed estimator.

The aim of the present work was to develop a Itraconazole freeze dried tablet (FDT). Which dissolve instantaneously in the mouth. To enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble Itraconazole was improved by preparing a FDT of Itraconazole using freeze-drying technique. The FDT was prepared by dispersing the drug in an aqueous solution of highly water-soluble carrier materials consisting of gelatin, glycine, and sorbitol. The mixture was poured in to the pockets of blister packs and then was subjected to freezing and lyophilization. The FDT was characterized by DSC, XRD and SEM and was evaluated for saturation solubility and dissolution and compared with physical mixture (PM) and pure drug. The samples were stored in stability chamber to investigate their physical stability for 90 days. Result obtained by DSC and X-ray studied showed that Crystalline state of Itraconazole in FDT transformation to amorphous state during the formation of FDT. SEM result suggests reduction in Itraconazole particle size. The solubility of Itraconazole from the FDT showed seven times greater than pure drug was due to super-saturation generated by amorphous form of the drug. Dissolution studies showed that dissolution rate of FDT of Itraconazole significantly improved compared with the PM and the pure drug. More than 90% of Itraconazole in FDT dissolved within 5 min compared to only 27.38% of Itraconazole pure drug dissolved during 60 min. In stability test, the dissolution release profile of the Itraconazole in FDT was almost unchanged as compared with the freshly prepared FDT.

Fusiform cell lipomas are rare adipocytic tumours characterized by proliferation of mature adipocytes and fusiform cells; we report the case of a 59-year-old patient who received surgical removal from a left cervical tumor whose anatomopathological examination returned in favor of a fusiform cell lipoma.

Nigerian Children are still exposed to lead from the environment, food, drinking water, cosmetics, parents’ occupation, and the use of residual lead painted woods. Although, lead poisoning outbreak in Zamfara and Kaduna which claimed the life of several children, occurred in villages and amidst the lower societal class. Recent studies have however revealed that lead exposure is still a prevalent issue in urban and rural areas with the continued production of leaded paint by the Nigerian paint industries, and the discovery of high lead contents in some canned foods and other food products in Nigeria. Lead exposure and poisoning may be eradicated in the nearest future in Nigeria with greater awareness on its health implications, the use of cleaner fuel for cooking or heating, and with the proactive and collaborative approach by the government, parents, the Ministry of Health and Environment, the food industries, the paint manufacturing industries, and other stakeholders’ in the society. There is also the need to encourage the use of cleaner fuel in households. There is the possibility of future study on lead exposure in Nigerian children through the application of leaded beauty products such leaded eye pencils on their eyes by some mothers.

A child with ADHD, (Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder), can derive great benefits from playing checkers during therapy. The therapist can assess the child’s ability to stay seated, wait his turn, pay attention to detail, sustain that attention, as well as how the child reacts to victory or defeat, (getting what they want or not getting what they want). When starting therapy, to talk about what is bothering him or her. The child is in a strange place, meeting with a therapist who is a stranger. The combination of these two factors can be overwhelming and intimidating to a child. Play therapy can be the best method for building rapport with any child. Play therapy can train a child to take what he learns in counseling and use the acquired skills in other areas of life. A game as simple as checkers can accomplish this. The results obtained from a study done on the children of 4-12 years old with ADHD indicated that game therapy method based on concentration-kinesthetic practices which is a combination of puzzle, riddle, story-telling in the form of feeling expression, game lines table design and application of distance reinforcement in these games, along with medication therapy can be helpful to modify and control behavior afflicted with ADHD, and although medication therapy can have less effects on treatment process, it cannot by itself play successful roles in treatment, modification and control of such behavior in this group of children.

This study examines a novel written by John Steinbeck and correspondingly its translation into Persian by Soroush Habibi (2009). Gideon Toury’s Acceptability, Adequacy and Cultural Norms (1995) have been applied in this study. The researcher gathered some information about Toury and his theory of “cultural norms”, and also the two types of translation, namely “adequate” and “acceptable” defined by the same scholar. The translated text was analyzed against the original work to determine if it is source-oriented (adequate) or receptor-oriented (acceptable). The impact of the ideology of the translator on adequacy and acceptability in translation has also been considered as the most important case in the study. The findings of the study revealed that Habibi’s translation was acceptable.