Archives-December 

Approximately 750,000 multi-family housing units experienced roofing problems due to fire-retardant-treated (FRT) plywood sheathing failure since 1985 until 1995. The problem is caused by excessive exposure to solar radiation. Plywood is not safe because it contains glue that may be toxic, harmful to life and human skin when exposed to ignition. The aims of this research built on modifying plywood to be fire resistant. Thus, the sol - gel technique was applied to prepare a new fire-retardant coating containing different volumes of H3PO4 (0, 0.3, 0.7, and 1.1 ml) to protect the plywood from ignition. The flammability properties of the different coated samples evaluated by the following measurements using standard methods: limiting oxygen index (LOI), ignitability and thermogra¬vimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that, the highest flame retardant LOI obtained at H3PO4 1.1ml reaching ? 150% relative to the un-treated; these results are supported through ignitability and thermogravimetric analysis.

The aim of this paper is to establish the concept of vague congruence relation on a residuated Lattice. We discuss the relationship between vague Filters and vague congruence relations. Further we define the vague congruence relation corresponding to a given vague filter and some of its properties are obtain. Finally, we determine the quotient algebra induced by this relation and discuss some properties.

In recent VLSI technology, the occurrence of all kind of errors has become predictable. By adopting an emerging concept in VLSI design and test, error tolerance (ET), a novel error-tolerant adder (ETA) is proposed. The ETA is able to ease the strict restriction on accuracy, and performance. One important potential application of the proposed ETA is in digital signal processing systems that can tolerate certain amount of errors. To prove the feasibility of the ETA, we replaced all the common additions involved in a normal FFT algorithm with our proposed addition arithmetic. When compared to its conventional counterparts, the proposed ETA is able to attain more than 65% improvement in the Power-Delay Product (PDP).

Changing employment patterns together with changes in the demographic structure of the workforce have resulted in a different reality for the 21st century. Instead of trying to manage copious amounts of leisure time, many employees are instead trying to juggle numerous responsibilities with the increased, intensified demands of work. Such reality and in particular, transformations in the structure of both the workplace and the workforce imply that work practices and employers’ expectations must change accordingly. The changing economic conditions and social demands have changed the nature of work throughout the world. The concept of Work life balance is becoming more and more relevant in an ever dynamic working environment. This study makes an attempt to analyze empirically perceptions of Information Technology (IT) sector women professionals on work life balance.

The present study mainly attempts to compare the motion development of monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins and singletons of 7 and 10 years old in Kermanshah city. The population of the study was a total of 185 students, composed of 43 students of 7 year old boys and 46 students of 7 years old girl, 40 boys aged 10 and 56 daughters aged 10 years. The whole study population was categorized into three groups including monozygotic, dizygotic and non-twin. All of them participated in Test of Gross Motor Development Ulrich-2 (TGMD-2) which measured the Gross Motor Quotient (GMQ) through two subtests of Locomotor skills and object control skills. The data analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in relation to the GMQ score of 7-year monozygotic, dizygotic and non-twin groups of both sexes; whereas there was a significant difference in relation to the 10-year groups for both sexes. Also there was a significant difference between the GMQ scores for inter-pair 7-year twins of both sexes and those for 10-year pairs.

It is found from the literature survey that very few comprehensive reviews exist on the Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends. Some of the important reviews on fish oil with Isobutonal as an additive, diesel with different percentages blend with Isobutonal, butonal- gasoline blends effects on the combustion process in a SI engine have been reviewed. Different Isobutonal blends with base fuels experimental performances including both diesel engine and gasoline engines have been reviewed. An attempt is being made to identify best performing methods from the literature reviewed; this will be a reference for further research. This paper deals with updated review of the literature on performance and emission analysis with Isobutonal blends with diesel and biodiesel under the resource constrained.

Frequent pattern mining is a process of mining data as a set of itemsets or patterns from a transactional database which support the minimum support threshold. A frequent pattern is a pattern (ie. a set of items, substructures, subsequences etc.) that occurs frequently in a dataset. Association rule mining is a process of mining data as a set of rules from a transactional database which support the minimum support and confidence. The implementation methods uses special data structures to solve the problem of FPM and ARM. This paper presents some of the data structures for FPM with their advantages and disadvantages.

In this paper we propose redundancy management of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs), utilizing multipath routing to answer user queries in the presence of unreliable and malicious nodes. The key concept of our redundancy management is to exploit the tradeoff between energy consumption vs. the gain in reliability, timeliness, and security to maximize the system useful lifetime. We formulate the tradeoff as an optimization problem for dynamically determining the best redundancy level to apply to multipath routing for intrusion tolerance so that the query response success probability is maximized while prolonging the useful lifetime. Furthermore, we consider this optimization problem for the case in which a voting-based distributed intrusion detection algorithm is applied to detect and evict malicious nodes in a HWSN. We develop a novel probability model to analyze the best redundancy level in terms of path redundancy and source redundancy, as well as the best intrusion detection settings in terms of the number of voters and the intrusion invocation interval under which the lifetime of a HWSN is maximized. We then apply the analysis results obtained to the design of a dynamic redundancy management algorithm to identify and apply the best design parameter settings at runtime in response to environment changes, to maximize the HWSN lifetime.

Reservoirs containing heavy oil are usually produced using any of the enhanced thermal oil recovery techniques. Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technique was used to extract heavy oil from the reservoir investigated. With the CMG STARS software, a theoretical analysis was performed and a numerical model was developed to simulate gravity-assisted steam-flood for a well that was subjected to thermal recovery technique where energy in the form of heat was supplied into the reservoir. Development of the simulation model was used for history matching. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the relationship between viscosity and temperature. Additional well placement was also modeled for production optimization. The methods applied and results obtained provide a platform for predicting production performance and establishes ways to improve recovery.

It is astonishing to note that, Special Relativity Theory Equations are incongruous beyond half the speed of light, by mere Number Theory considerations, specifically ‘time dilation’ and ‘length contraction’ equations. Nevertheless, there is an exception to this theory, for particles of masses less than 1kg, or time intervals between events which are less than 1s or length contraction less than 300000km ,where it could be absolutely accurate as Einstein predicted and therefore it implies, these could change upto only 13.3%.