Archives-December 

Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, infectious illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Humans are accidental hosts in this zoonotic disease1. Scrub typhus presents as fever with little to distinguish it clinically from co-endemic diseases like typhoid, leptospirosis, and dengue. The presence of an eschar supports the diagnosis but is variably present.2 Scrub typhus is prevalent in many parts of India but specific data are not available3. There have been outbreaks in areas located in the sub-Himalayan belt, from Jammu to Nagaland. There were reports of scrub typhus outbreaks in Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Darjeeling during 2003-2004 and 2007. Scrub typhus is a re-emerging infectious disease in India4.

We have to make comparison among differential transformation method (DTM) and Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). We provide two examples in order to compare our results and find exact solutions also. The numerical examples show that the DTM is a good method compared to the HPM since it is effective, uses less time in computation, easy to implement and achieve high accuracy. From the numerical results, DTM is suitable to apply for nonlinear problems. Numerical results show that DTM is a promising and powerful tool for solving the higher-order boundary value problems as compared to HPM.

A new architecture of multiplier-and-accumulator (MAC) for high-speed arithmetic. In this by combining multiplication with accumulation and devising a hybrid type of carry save adder (CSA), the performance was improved. The CSA tree uses 1’s-complement- based radix-2. Modified Booth’s algorithm (MBA) and has the modified array for the sign extension in order to increase the bit density of the operands. The CSA propagates the carries to the least significant bits of the partial products and generates the least significant bits in advance to decrease the number of the input bits of the final adder. The MAC accumulates the intermediate results in the type of sum and carry bits instead of the output of the final adder, which made it possible to optimize the pipeline scheme to improve the performance.

Today in the world of computer networking, wireless networks are becoming one of the most popular, valuable, decisive & critical medium for communication. Among the wireless networks, MANET’s i.e., Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are of their own importance. For the purpose of group communication, there are many applications of MANET’s in the areas like as an automated battlefields, crowd control, disaster recovery, conference, search and rescue operations etc. An Ad-hoc Network is basically a wireless network comprising a set of mobile nodes in absence of any centralized access point or fixed infrastructure.In this paper, the necessary parameters which are required to characterize the MANET’s have been presented. A kind of review is done upon these important parameters. The various parameters responsible for the routing strategies in MANETs are the parameters like as performance analysis, reliability, scalability, power saving, efficiency as well as security.By depicting these essential parameters for MANETs, we are able to make proper as well as efficient utilization of MANETs in various fields of communication such as conferencing, pollution monitoring, emergency services like battlefield, disaster recovery, vehicular networks, etc.

Consumer behavior refers to the act of individuals who are directly involved in purchase of goods. It is a new discipline that borrows heavily form concepts developed from study of individual, study of groups, study of how an individual operates in groups, and the influence of society on the individual. Factors like personality, perception, attitude and learning on the one hand and the product, price, physical attributes, advertising and societal influence on the other shape the behavior of consumers. There are number of brands of two-wheeler vehicle available in our country. Among the two-wheeler companies, TVS Company occupies first place in the country. Its TVS Scooty Pep is the best selling motor scooter in the market. Though other brands of vehicle have their own unique feature, TVS Scooty Pep still has a good demand in the market. To analyse the factors that influence the people to buy this vehicle, the researcher has undertaken this study. The results derived from the study helps to know the factors that influence the consumers to buy the product and to analyse why the consumers in Salem prefer TVS Scooty Pep. This study helps to enable the producer to make decision regarding further changes in promotional measures.

Road Network detection is important role of earth observation. It is detected from various satellite images like multispectral images, pan-sharpened images, SAR images and Aerial images. These are differentiated from various resolutions. In this survey most of the road networks detected from areal images, world view and quick bird images. Because very high-resolution images and Very less types of multispectral images has been used for road network detection. All researchers are focused on very high resolution satellite images for road network detection.

The globalisation of entities has meant that innovative ideas need to be implemented in order for businesses to grow but also to reduce costs thereby affecting the profit margins positively.Technology has advanced to such a degree that it has increased the capability to process more demanding algorithms for both video and audio technologies. This study is intended to enable a deeper insight into the adoption and diffusion patterns of Video Conferencing (VC) technologies within a public sector company, Company X, with a focus on the factors that impact users perceived quality and trust as well as the intended use of this technology. It is for this reason that the focus of the study is to analyse the adoption and diffusion patterns of the new technology of VC in Company X.Data was gathered with the use of both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) with a sample of 180 employees and three middle managers respectively. In addition, observations were conducted over a period of three weeks to triangulate data that was collected. The study established that users adopted and diffused technology to a limited degree.Use of the technology was between 1 to 5 hours each week predominantly for meetings. The participants also mentioned that travel time is saved, hence there was more personal time and also more time gained for the completion of collaboration tasks more quickly. However, some staff preferred the face to face approach during meetings. The majority indicated that using the facility during VC was complicated and at time disruptive due to insufficient training. Based on the results of the primary study and literature, recommendations were formulated for management.

The cultivation of fresh tomatoes at Tono irrigation scheme by mostly the lowly educated youth is bedevilled by so many challenges. However, even though the full cost of producing fresh tomato at Tono appear to be increasing rapidly over the years under review, the venture is still economically beneficial but with decreasing profitability by using conventional statistics. The average return on investment for 2006 dry season was 4.22 while that for 2010 dry season was 2.34. Thus, there was a general decline in profits over the years. Time series analysis was therefore, carried out to forecast for the next five years which confirmed the declining profits nature of the industry. It was realised that, various interventions from government and policy markers were needed to arrest the appalling situation and make the industry one of the keys to alleviating the chronic poverty in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

Herbal preparation of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. bark had been considered as effective, economical and safe ethnomedicine for various ailments in Indian traditional system of medicine. The present study was aimed to investigate scientifically the antidiabetic potential of B. monosperma bark. Both kinds diabetes; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were induced in the rats by treating with alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg b wt ;ip) and hydrocortisone (5mg/100g b wt; ip) respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were measured at periodic intervals during the test period. The blood samples were collected with care sino-ocular puncture method and serum was isolated by centrifugation to analyze plasma glucose and serum lipid profile. The results of preliminary phytochemical analysis depicts that B monosperma bark has the presence of steroids and tannins and absence of terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids. The moisture content and total ash values of bark was 3.0%and 9.7% respectively. The treatment with bark aqueous extract of B monosperma substantially declined the plasma glucose level in both IDDM and NIDDM animal subjects by 7.2% and 26.6% respectively. This treatment also appreciably (P= 0.05 and P=0.01) lowered the serum lipid profile. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Butea monosperma reflected hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic potential through glucose and lipid profile lowering activity in experimental animals. It supported the folklore state of antidiabetic potential of the plant.

Twenty samples of domestic water sourced from different underground wells in Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai areas of Sokoto were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The pH and the electrical conductivities (EC) of the water samples were also determined. The mean results obtained from the analyses were pH (7.68, 6.72) and electrical conductivities (1061µs/cm, 1057µs/cm) for Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai, respectively. The results also showed mean arsenic concentrations of 0.110mg/L and 0.217mg/L for Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai water samples respectively, which are above the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guideline. Wells in Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai were found to be contaminated with abnormal concentration of arsenic, high enough to cause serious adverse health effects to its consumers. The high arsenic concentrations could be attributed to both natural and anthropogenic activities such as erosion, underground weathering, toxic chemicals, improper waste and sewage disposal waste from industries, agricultural activities and vehicular emissions.