Archives-December 

Two sets of field experiments were performed in two successive summer seasons to study the effect of soil and foliar fertilization of mungbean. The first set included the effect of late foliar applied N or K under different levels of phosphatic fertilization on mungbean yield and chemical constituents. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) var. Kawmy-l was fertilized with 0,19,38,57 and 76 Kg P205 ha-1 at sowing. Foliar applied N was sprayed as 1 % urea solution and K was applied as potassium sulphate 36% K20 solution; both N and K sprays were carried out at early pod formation stage. The second set of experiments aimed to study the effect of micronutrient application when combined with urea. The foliar applied treatments were urea (1%); and four key micronutrients; i.e. Fe (0.5%); Zn (0.1%); Mn (0.2%) and CuSO4 (0.05%). Micronutrient treatments were sprayed either alone or combined with urea at early pod formation. The obtained results showed that P fertilization significantly increased mungbean pod weight per plant, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and per hectare compared with the untreated control. Mungbean seed yield per hectare showed more response to foliar applied N than that with K. The best seed yield per hectare was reported from the combined effect of 76 Kg P205 ha-1 and foliar spraying with N. Protein percentage in mungbean seeds was not affected by either soil or foliar applications and ranged between 20.6 to 22.9%. However, protein yield kg ha-1 significantly increased when the plants were fertilized with 76 Kg P205 ha1 and foliar sprayed with N. In addition, soil application of P and foliar spray treatments showed significant effects on carbohydrate percentage and carbohydrate yield ha-1of mungbean seeds. Micronutrient application showed beneficial effects on yield and yield components from the association of urea with Zn on pod-number and with all micronutrients on pod-weight per plant. The highest seed yield per plant was recorded when the plants were foliar sprayed with Fe and Mn alone or Urea+Zn. Meanwhile, the highest seed yield per hectare was achieved by foliar spraying with Fe or Zn alone as well as by the combined application with urea Fe, Mn or Zn. Micronutrient concentrations in mungbean seeds were elevated more than in the control treatment due to foliar spray treatments but it did not reach the level of significance for Fe, Zn and Cu. It could be concluded from this study that mungbean productivity responds to combined soil application of P at 57 Kg P205 ha-1 and late foliar applied N at early pod formation stage. Foliar spray of urea combined with Fe or Zn may increase seed yield and improve the quality of seeds.

An Hepatitis B epidemic model with treatment is investigated. The model allows for the some infected individuals to move from the symptomatic phase to the asymptomatic phase by all sorts of treatment methods. The model exhibits two equilibria, namely, the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium. The stability of these two equilibria is controlled by the basic reproduction number It is shown that if is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and is greater than one, the unique endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. By computer simulation it is found that if the growth rate of pharmacological effect of the lamivadine to the free virus increases, the symptomatic phase decreases. Numerical simulations are also carried out to investigate the influence of certain parameters on the spread of disease, to support the analytical results. Also, sensitivity analysis of the endemic equilibrium point is carried out.

To carry out this research, Baku Today news site was selected as the source of news. The number of headlines arrived at a total of 200. This research was directed toward studying the syntactic and lexical features of headlines. The investigation began with the description of the basic units of analysis in the English headline structures (categories, word classes, constructions). In doing so, for the analysis of the structure of English headlines, the grammatical framework provided by Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech and Savartvik (1985) was chosen. As mentioned before, this study pinpointed the cases of utilization of lexical and syntactic features in Azeri headlines in order to see in what ways they are organized. Below is a brief description of syntactic and lexical features.

The present investigation was undertaken to study of Cauvery river water at ten different locations in Namakkal district, Tamilnadu, India. The water samples were collected from different places and analyzed for various water quality parameters like Appearance, Adour, Turbidity, pH, EC, TDS, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron, Manganese, Ammonia, Nitrite, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Phosphate, Tidy’s, Dissolved oxygen, Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. The water quality parameters are analyzed after biomass treatment using vetiveria Zizanoides. Water quality parameters were compared WHO, USPH, BIS

This research was built to investigate the main role of phosphorylated sol-gel (PSG) to reduce the ignition problems of polyester fabric. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the un-treated and treated samples were investigated. PSG material was played as protective shielding coat and improved the thermal behavior. FTIR analysis of the treated sample showed that there is a sort of interaction between the molecules of PSG and the fabric. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) for the lowest oxygen concentration needed to start the ignition showed also an improvement in the ignition retarding behavior due to this treatment. To increase the affinity of fibers towards PSG, the fabric surface was exposed to UV/Ozone for different periods. Exposuring samples for 90 min showed the best results comparing to other samples (irradiated for UV/Ozone for 0, 30 and 125 min). Ignition behavior (UL/94) was also applied on samples by using the flame chamber for determining the rate of burning. The results of UL/94 (according to ISO 3795) confirmed the ignition behavior results produced from the LOI

The importance of bridge vibrations induced by moving vehicles, which act as oscillators on a bridge as well as time variant forces, has long been recognized. This vibration can amplify the propagation of existing cracks resulting in further damage to the bridge. It has become one of the causes of reduction in long-term serviceability of the bridge, although major bridge failures are not usually caused directly by moving vehicles. It is also a critical factor to bridge structure fatigue and rapid deterioration since, the vehicle-induced vibration is more critical to bridges with medium to small span; it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of applying Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) on these bridges. A TMD is a passive type control device with variety of merits in that it has permanent service time and only requires easy management and maintenance efforts and no external power supply source. In order to achieve the above objective, a general formulation of the vehicle-induced bridge vibration controlled with a TMD system is developed here in this paper, which takes into account the road surface conditions. Then, a comprehensive investigation is made to investigate the efficiency of the TMD for suppressing vibrations of bridge under moving vehicles. Such a study is helpful in evaluating the control performance before real control devices are designed in practice. These analytical results will also be useful in carrying out further studies for control strategies suppressing the vehicle-induced bridge vibration

One of the major problems confronting cities and towns of the third world countries today is that of population explosion leading to uncontrolled urban growth. This, aside the fact that it leads to the conversion of agricultural land into other uses (residential especially), also affects negatively, the general well-being of the urban dwellers as well as the environment as a result of rural-urban migration. It was on this basis that this paper set out to assess the impact of the expansion of Minna, along the Minna-Bida road on agricultural land. In order to effectively achieve this, both the primary and secondary sources of data collection were employed. The primary data was obtained through the administration of 60 questionnaires on the natives of the communities under study, while the secondary data was obtained from sources like internet materials and journals. The result of the study revealed that the quantity of farm produce being evacuated from the communities to Minna has been on steady decline owing to the selling of agricultural land by the natives. The result also confirmed that the development activities now taking place in the study areas are not guided by any policy guideline (as a result of the obsoleteness of the Minna master plan), thus the haphazard development of the communities. Owing to this therefore, the paper recommended that there should be a paradigm shift in physical planning, where all stakeholders would deliberate and find solutions to the problems confronting the communities in terms of their agricultural and socio-economic activities. It was also recommended that government should show more commitment to the economic, physical and social development of people through the review of the Minna.

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial culture are receiving an increased amount of attention in both academic research and practice. Entrepreneurship is linked with value creation and, as such, is thought to have a significant impact on economic growth, continuous business renewal, and employment (Tang and Koreas, 2004). Thus, it is apparent why there is also an increased interest in educational programmers designed to encourage entrepreneurship and to provide a better infrastructure for Business start-ups (Vesper and Gartner, 1997). However, despite the high level of activity, there is concern about the effectiveness of such policies (Gibb, 2002). It is quite possible that a better understanding of the factors that influence attitudes towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intent could facilitate the successful development of these initiatives, especially for university students who, in comparison to individuals without university education, are more likely to pursue self-employment that has significant impact on economic growth (Robinson and Sexton, 1994). In large organizations, supporting entrepreneurial behavior at all hierarchal levels for growth and increasing competitive advantages, is necessary. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by introducing emotional intelligence as an additional factor that explains how entrepreneurs perceive their own success. Using survey data from 112 Iranian entrepreneurs, we find that emotionally intelligent entrepreneurs are more likely to judge their entrepreneurial success using the following criteria: employee satisfaction, social responsibility, personal satisfaction, customer satisfaction and business performance. Furthermore, not all EI dimensions are equally relevant to explain the phenomenon. We find that “regulation of emotion in others” seems to be the most important dimension, whereas “emotion in others” seems to be the less relevant one.

Full time television viewing may contribute significantly to children's acquisition of stereotypic perceptions of behavior and psychological characteristics associated with males and females. There has been research interest in how children might be effected by the sex role stereotypes. The trend has always been such that female characters are attributed to certain feminine acts in contrast with males whose stereotypes portrayed in children media are expected to be major and masculine. Children in particular spend a great amount of time watching TV and are related to the content of what they watch which shapes their perception. Contrary to traditional portrayal of sex-roles in animated films in which male characters are more likely to demonstrate physical aggression and leadership roles whereas female characters are more apt to demonstrate affection, romance, and supportive roles than are male, it has recently been observed a change occurring in the way sex-roles are represented in animated movies. To realize if this change also appears in the Persian dubbed version of animated films, this study is an attempt to analyze popular television cartoons produces from 1990 to 2012, comparing the original with the dubbed version and the way their portrayals of gender stereotypes undergo change across the two languages. To this end, instances extracted of sex-role stereotypes were extracted and subjected to comparison. It must be mentioned that the present article is a small part of the researcher’s MA thesis in which over one hundred animated movies were reviewed and analyzed completely (see the Appendix ). Only two of the analyzed animated movies, Shrek 2 and Ice Age 2, are discussed here.The results indicated that differences in the way the two versions portray sex-role stereotypes could be clearly indexed and categorized. The Persian dubbed version tended to ignore the worldwide occurring changes in portraying sex-roles.

Vermicomposting of textile and dye sludge is an economically viable and environmentally safer method of final disposal. The low level of carbon content is considered as a limiting factor for the decomposition of textile and dye sludge, but it contains higher amount of calcium and micronutrients. So, it could potentially be used as an alternate substrate for vermicomposting, if it is mixed with carbonaceous materials and animal wastes. In this study, textile and dye sludge had only four per cent organic carbon content. The C: N ratio is one among the important factors that affects manure quality. To adjust the C: N ratio of the initial materials, the carbonaceous material like sawdust and crop waste were added at different proportions. The saw dust appeared to be an ideal bulking agent for composting because of its ability to absorb moisture, and its structure that provides adequate porosity in the compost heap (Mahimairaja, 1996). The C: N ratio of compost in the present investigation ranged between 15.50: 1 and 20.1:1, which could be readily utilized for crop production as suggested by Gaur (1982). The finished vermicompost obtained by mixing 30 per cent sludge with 20 per cent poultry waste and 50 per cent crop waste contains higher nutrient status (NPK) with narrow C: N ratio (15.5).