Archives-December 

The present paper focuses on the problems faced be prospective teachers during teaching practice in teacher training institutions. The teacher training institutions responsible for preparing prospective secondary school teachers just like Institute of Education and Research. Teaching practice is the essential part of teacher training programmes in Pakistan. It provides opportunities to prospective teachers to develop and improve their professional practices. The research study aims at identifying the level of problems experienced by prospective teachers of Institute of Education and Research (IER) during their teaching practice in different schools. The sample for this study was contained 125 female prospective teachers. A questionnaire and informal discussion with schools heads and teachers were used as data collection tools. The questionnaire contained 25 close ended and 5 open ended questions. Data was collected from all the personnel concerned with this activity. The results of research show that the time period allocated for teaching practice was insufficient. Prospective teachers were not completely guided before teaching practice. The allocated supervisors were not adequate to evaluate the performance of Prospective teachers effectively.

In recent years, much research has been devoted to the exploration of operating systems; contrarily, few have studied the simulation of the memory bus. Given the current status of encrypted configurations, end-users famously desire the private unification of multi-processors and the transistor, which embodies the practical principles of algorithms. Kop, our new heuristic for the deployment of checksums, is the solution to all of these challenges.

The present study was carried out to determine on hydrography; composition and community structure of zooplankton at the Muthupettai mangrove environment, Palk Strait (Southeast coast of India), during February 2006 to January 2007. Physico-chemical parameters and nutrients such as air temperatures, surface water temperatures, salinity, pH, light extinction coefficient (LEC), dissolved oxygen , nitrite, nitrate, inorganic phosphate and silicate were at the ranges of 21-32.8ºC, 23- 31.0°C, 14.5- 34‰,7.4-8.3, 0.21- 0.83, 3.01 to 5.33mg/1, 0.122 to 2.08?M, 0.911 to 6.00?M, 1.03 to 2.98?M and 30.21 to 102.21?M, respectively. The maximum density was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions. Totally 92 species of zooplankton besides 18 larvae were recorded and the foraminifera and copepods formed the dominant group. Higher values of zooplankton density and species diversity were found during premonsoon and summer seasons and which showed positive correlation with salinity. The seasonal distribution and abundance of plankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.

In present research investigation effect of antibiotics and vitamins on the activity of enzyme cellulase of post-harvest fungi of sapota fruits were studied. It was found that vitamins, amino acids and antibiotics significantly inhibit cellulase action of post-harvest sapota fungi. Vitamins, Folic acid and Riboflavin has been retarded cellulase action. It was observed that Arginine monochloride and Threonine inhibited enzyme action in Rhizoctonia solani (7mm, 8mm) and Geotrichum candidum (8mm, 10mm). It is interesting to note that Ampicillin inhibited cellulase activity in all the tested fungi.

Occurrences of certain defects are inevitable despite meticulous planning, proper process control, and good documentation during software development. Such defects lead to quality degradation which can be the underlying reason for failure. Conscious efforts are required to control and minimize software engineering defects, but this costs money, time and resources. Predicting defective software module facilitates maintenance and corrective measures. In Software Defect Prediction (SDP), predictive model estimation is based on code attributes to assess software modules containing errors likelihood. This study proposes improved activation function based on cubic spline for Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNN) to classify SDP. The proposed method is evaluated using KC1 dataset.

The authors have treated 29 cases of infected pseudarthrosis of tibia: 12 complications of open fractures of legs with loss bone stabilized firstly by external fixator; 09 closed fractures treated traditionally by jbira seen in pseudarthrosis infected, 05 cases of septic nonunion arising after plate osteosynthesis and 03 cases following centromedullary nailing. In all cases, two stage reconstruction: Initial surgery consisted of soft tissue and bone debridement, external fixation completed by Dressing percutaneous a day by antiseptic and intravenously antibiotic. After any remaining infection, at last 6 to 8 weeks, the reconstruction of the soft tissue with a free microsurgical muscle flap and skin graft. The second stage surgery consisted to replace external fixator by intramedullary nailing and the osseous reconstruction was cancellous or corticocancellous grafting. The final result was obtained after an average of 24 months and was excellent in 15 cases, good in 12 and 02 failures were observed. On the infectious; remaining infection were observed in 02 and required amputation of leg. The modified method of Papineau seems superior to any other method used for treatment of infected pseudarthrosis of tibia.

A series of substituted styryl 5-methyl-2-furyl ketones have been synthesized by closed-aldol reaction. The purities of these chalcones were checked by their physical constants and spectral data published earlier in literature.  The insect antifeedant activities of these ketones were studied using 4^th instar larvae Achoea Janata L with castor leaf discs.

Aim: The main aim of this study is analysis of job satisfaction and professional commitment between staffs in Kermanshah. Materials and methods: This study is according to descriptive analysis and reaching branch and information gathering tools is question air and for assessing job satisfaction we use briefed and worth 18 question airs and for analysis of professional commitment and organizational commitment receive 83% static and 87% from job satisfaction question air, because crownbakh in both question air is more than 0/7 so both question air necessary static. Sample population volume 150subjects from privet banks in Kermanshah and according to sampling random way some of them had been chosen a stoical population and finally we collected 18 questions airs. Findings: For determining normality of data we use kolomogrove – sminoroph test and results of tests confirm normality of data so meaningful relationship between them had approved.

Electronic mail is a powerful means of communication. It is fast become a primary means of communication. It is however different from other means of communication, for instance the dimensions differ in: speed, permanence of the message; cost of distribution, deliverance to individuals and groups; an ability to filter, channel, record, and control messages. There is also a lack of ‘intimacy’ inherent in email that many believe does exist in posted letters. This can be a problem when emailing unknown persons in the hope of generating a response to a matter which relies on their taking time to ponder the query and compose a reply. We set out to examine whether posted letter would elicit more replies than emails and the rest of this paper describes the results. We conclude that posting a letter does indeed induce more replies than email.

Information literacy is an essential competence for the contemporary information society. An information literate person knows why and how to use information for achieving the purposes, and act ethically. In order to further understand the information literacy of undergraduates and establish the base for the practice strategy promoting undergraduates' information literacy, the self-made "Questionnaire of Undergraduates' Information Literacy" is used in the study. The quantitative responses were analyzed by SPSS. The Cronbach's reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.875. In light of the results of the analysis, the undergraduates’ level of information literacy is on the intermediate. The ability of undergraduates to find, seek, assess and use information effectively is fairly good. During the processing of learning, information literate undergraduates should improve the efficiency in the way handle information.