Archives-December 

Retroperitoneal nonfunctioning paraganglioma are rare tumors. They are defined as an extra-adrenal chromaffin tumors and represent approximately 1/5th of chromaffin tumors. They can develop in contact with the pancreas, whose puncture or surgical resection can lead to serious complications. They are most often asymptomatic, and can reach important dimensions. We report a case of a 49-years-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital for epigastric pain and vomiting. CT-scan showed a posteriorly developing mass. The diagnosis of retropancreatic paraganglioma, was made by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(FNA), this diagnosis was initially taken for a pancreatic lésion at endoscopy ultrasound(EUS). Complete surgical excision was performed after specific anesthetic preparation and anatomopathological study of the biopsied material. The treatment of paraganglioma is surgical, but management must be multidisciplinary. It is important to search whenever there is a juxtapancreatic tumor, arguments that can guide to the diagnosis of paraganglioma and use reliable means of diagnosis to confirm it.

This study focused on the bioassessment of water quality of the Isalowe River in the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve using diatoms. The samples were taken from this river after measuring the physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen). The identification of diatoms revealed 194 specific taxa divided into 43 genera and belonging to 20 families. The species of Eunotia genus are the most abundant (35.99 %) such as Eunotia rhomboidea Hustedt, Eunotia intermedia (Krasske ex Hustedt) Norpel & Lange-Bertalot, Eunotia fallax A. Cleve in the course set. At the station level, species of the Eunotia genus are the most abundant at the source and in the environment (41.28% and 48.41% respectively). At the mouth, we have species of the genus Neidium which predominate (24.98%) with N. affine and N. sp. The Shannon index values obtained showed great diversity at each station (source, environment and mouth). The Equitability Index revealed an equipartition of individuals within species. The spatial distribution varies from one station to another. The Spearman correlation coefficient revealed the impact of physicochemical parameters on the abundances and specific richness at the station level. Using the Shannon Index (H'), it was revealed that, in general, the waters of the Isalowe River are in poor ecological condition and heavily polluted. The same observation was made at the source and at the mouth. In the middle, the waters are in a poor ecological state and very polluted. These results are due to the anthropogenic activities carried out in this river (cassava retting, artisanal palm oil extraction, dishes, laundry, bathing and fields). Key words: diatoms, bioassessment, water, quality, Isalowe river, Yangambi

The feeding habit and diet of Brachydeuterus auritus at Apam in the central region of Ghana was investigated over an 8 months period using the Index of Preponderance. Shrimp was found to be the most preferred food item accounting for 59% occurrence by number, with annelids and blue green algae being the least preferred accounting for 7% each. In the same vain, the most ranked food item using the Index of Preponderance was shrimps followed by fish with annelids recording the least rank. Correlation between food items number and the nutrient rich upwelling season was observed. Continuous study of the feeding preferences of this species is recommended owing to its importance to both the Ghanaian marine catches and as a relatively cheap source of animal protein.

In 2019, Matiama presented a new integral transformation called Shehu transformation, which used to solve many types of differential equations. In this article, we obtained the derivation and integration of Shehu transformation with its applications.

This study examined the impact financial deepening on non-oil sectors to growth in Nigeria over the period 1985 – 2017 using the Johansen approach to co-integration analysis and Vector Error Correction Model. Controlling for the possible effects of exchange rate and trade openness on economic activities, this study found that financial development exerts impact in the long-term and indicates no relationship in the short run in building and construction. In particular, money supply showed a negative relationship with Building and Construction sector contribution to GDP sector in the long run. Second, credit to private sector showed that there exists a positive relationship with the non-oil contribution to GDP output. Therefore, the development of financial sector intermediation could be the right strategy to lessening the dominance of the mono-resources economy called the oil sector in the Nigerian economy.

Earthquake damage in most bridges is the result of excessive seismic displacements and large force demands that have been substantially underestimated during design. The detailed study is carried out for continuous box superstructure & substructure for two lane spans 25 m-35 m-25 m, using IRC class A & 70R loadings. For analysis SAP2000 software is used. The results for 12 different cases have been studied and variation of each parameter is documented in a detailed manner. The impact of class of seismic zones corresponding to different soil conditions are studied. The impact of class of seismic zones corresponding to different soil conditions are compared in Spectral Acceleration coefficient Sa/g, Horizontal seismic coefficient Ah, Vertical seismic coefficient Av, Base shear Vb, Displacement at superstructure level. When comparing spectral acceleration, which depends on dynamic property of structure and supporting soil medium, it varies from 1.36 to 1.67 times, when the soil from hard to soft nature. As far as base shear, displacements are concerned, it increases from 1.6 times of hard soil to medium soil, whereas from medium to soft soil it increases to 1.5 times of medium soil.

The corrosion inhibition efficacy of alcoholic extract of stem, leaves and fruits of plant Tribulus Terrestris for mild steel in H2SO4 has been studied in relation to the concentration of inhibitor and temperature by mass loss method. Inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration but decreases with increase of temperature. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the inhibition of corrosion is due to adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface. The negative free energy values shows spontaneity of the adsorption process with the assumption of Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa, valued for both its storage roots and edible leaves. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, cassava leaf harvesting is widely practiced; however, limited information is available regarding its effects on vegetative growth and foliar biomass production among local cultivars. This study assessed the influence of leaf harvesting frequency on vegetative growth and leaf biomass production of three cassava cultivars (Obama, Kelenga, and Kavide) under the agroecological conditions of Kindu, Maniema Province.The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. The evaluated vegetative parameters included sprouting rate, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, regenerated buds, and fresh leaf biomass. The results revealed significant varietal effects on stem diameter (p = 0.01893), number of leaves (p < 0.001), and leaf biomass yield. The cultivar Kavide produced the highest fresh leaf biomass after the first harvest (400 ± 29 g), significantly exceeding those of Kelenga (252 ± 35.8 g) and Obama (240 ± 37.2 g). However, at five months after planting, differences in biomass production among cultivars were no longer significant (p = 0.5975), suggesting a convergence in regeneration capacity following repeated harvesting.Leaf harvesting frequency significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, and leaf production. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate cultivar selection and harvesting management strategies for optimizing cassava leaf production systems in tropical agroecosystems.

In a globalized world, leaders are no longer selected on the basis of gender, but based on the abilities and qualifications in managing an organization. So, the women chose to be the head of the organization. Unfortunately, they labelled as weak, emotional, rigid and do not have confidence in the management of affairs. The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of women's leadership in the organization of technical and vocational education and motivation and relationship management organization subordinate to the leadership style of women in Technical and Vocational Education organization.

Education is back bone in the development of a society and teacher has a pivotal role in the education system. Every society invests in the teacher education by developing the teachers’ potential in teaching methodologies and strategies to ensure maximum outcomes from the system. In Pakistan primary teacher’s education has been a pivotal consideration of different national and international institutions. These institutions have been continuously contributing to develop the teacher’s proficiency at elementary level. The present study was designed to see the impact of teachers’ training teaching learnt through different periods in service training programs on the performance of the primary school teachers. The sample of the study consisted 100 male primary teachers and 100 female teaches and 40 district teacher educators. The performance of the teachers and district teacher educators was judged by the questionnaire. The observation scheduled comprised eight teaching skills. The study concluded that in-service trained teachers utilized microteaching skills hence their performance was comparatively better. The impact on the students showed better performance. The study recommended to continue in-service training programs on teaching methodologies and strategies for elementary school teachers by establishing independent cell at district level.