Archives-December 

Water deficit is common stress in arid and semi-arid lands, also yield of wheat reduced by another environmental stresses such as heat and cold. The main causes of these changes are due to poor distribution of rainfall, and poor agronomy calendar. According to this fact that rainfall is one of the most important factors for agronomy in dry land, we calculated time of first effective rainfall with probabilities of 50% and 75% by using meteorological data (1994 to 2011) of Synoptic station at Eghlid region, The growing degree days (GDD) of wheat growth phenological stages were obtained by using 4 ° C as physiological Zero. Based on the results, the first effective rainfall happen in the November 19th and December 8th, by probability levels of 50% and 75% also the germination of wheat seeds happen in the March12th and March31th and the ended of phenological stages happen in the August18th and August25th by probability levels of 50% and 75% respectively. We suggest this planting calendar to obtain the best wheat yield.

Liposomes are an important colloidal carrier system for controlled drug delivery. However some highly hydrophilic small molecules are difficult to entrap into liposomes and store stably, resulting in poor encapsulation efficiency and fast leakage. In present study, Docetaxel was used as a model drug that was loaded into chitosan nanoparticles and the encapsulated into liposomes by ethanol injection method (EIM). The vesicular systems were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release. The Lip-Np was composed of Hydrogenated Soya phosphatidylcholine, Cholesterol, EPG and Chitosan with average diameter of 207.8nm and zeta potential of +21.7mv. The entrapment efficiency was above 90% in Chitosan coated (Lip-Np). The release rate of docetaxel from Chitosan coated Lip-Np was more than 90% after 72h.

The Objectives of this research were : (1) to study the current situation and problems of organizing activities of healthy promotion for aging in Thailand and Japan(2) to study a types of the activities which promotes for aging in Thailand and Japan and (3) to develop activities model for promoting healthy of aging in Thailand by the public participation approach, The methodology was used research and development (R&D). Mixed methodologies are mainly with the qualitative approaches and a supported quantitative approach used in the study comprised the focus group discussion, the meeting for group brainstorming, in-depth interviews and participating observation. About qualitative research, the study used the questionnaire. The target group in Thailand included aging in the community as those who are good in – interaction and being able to participate with the proposed activities, the leader of the community, public healthy volunteers. In Japan included aging in the community, caregivers, academicians and executives in the agency concerned. The results of the research were as follows: The study of the current situation and problems of organizing activities of healthy promotion for aging in Thailand found that the village still did have any aging healthy promotion model with the whole dimensions of aging development. Actually, there were some activities that people with any ages could participate but those activities had been stopped. In Japan found that the activities were healthy activity and social activities. The problem are there were no enough participants , no clear plan ed activities and no budget and stopped when the budget ran out.

Drying is one of the most practical and traditional methods of preserving the quality of agricultural products. Solar dryer is the application of solar energy and numerous types of solar dryers have been designed and developed in various parts of the world, yielding varying degrees of technical performance. The problem with the solar energy is that it is intermittent and has a period of shinning. This problem makes most solar dryer ineffective and leads to moisture re-absorption and also prolong the period of drying, thereby affect the properties of the dried product. To solve this problem, granite stone painted black to absorb heat from the solar collector was provided to increase the drying period and improve product quality. This was placed immediately below the flat plate collector for storing the heat from the absorber. The heat stored by the rock was used later for drying when the solar energy is not available. The dryer was tested loaded and unloaded and the temperature of the cabinet and solar collector was measured with the help of k-type thermocouple connected to 12 channel temperature recorder at every hour. Tomatoes, sliced into 2mm thick were used when the dryer was loaded and the weight was measured at every one hour. Drying time was extended by 3 h and thereby reduces the drying period. Physical observation of dried tomatoes looks attractive. The drying chamber efficiency and overall system efficiency are 50.37% and 51.40% respectively.

Retroperitoneal nonfunctioning paraganglioma are rare tumors. They are defined as an extra-adrenal chromaffin tumors and represent approximately 1/5th of chromaffin tumors. They can develop in contact with the pancreas, whose puncture or surgical resection can lead to serious complications. They are most often asymptomatic, and can reach important dimensions. We report a case of a 49-years-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital for epigastric pain and vomiting. CT-scan showed a posteriorly developing mass. The diagnosis of retropancreatic paraganglioma, was made by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(FNA), this diagnosis was initially taken for a pancreatic lésion at endoscopy ultrasound(EUS). Complete surgical excision was performed after specific anesthetic preparation and anatomopathological study of the biopsied material. The treatment of paraganglioma is surgical, but management must be multidisciplinary. It is important to search whenever there is a juxtapancreatic tumor, arguments that can guide to the diagnosis of paraganglioma and use reliable means of diagnosis to confirm it.

This study focused on the bioassessment of water quality of the Isalowe River in the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve using diatoms. The samples were taken from this river after measuring the physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen). The identification of diatoms revealed 194 specific taxa divided into 43 genera and belonging to 20 families. The species of Eunotia genus are the most abundant (35.99 %) such as Eunotia rhomboidea Hustedt, Eunotia intermedia (Krasske ex Hustedt) Norpel & Lange-Bertalot, Eunotia fallax A. Cleve in the course set. At the station level, species of the Eunotia genus are the most abundant at the source and in the environment (41.28% and 48.41% respectively). At the mouth, we have species of the genus Neidium which predominate (24.98%) with N. affine and N. sp. The Shannon index values obtained showed great diversity at each station (source, environment and mouth). The Equitability Index revealed an equipartition of individuals within species. The spatial distribution varies from one station to another. The Spearman correlation coefficient revealed the impact of physicochemical parameters on the abundances and specific richness at the station level. Using the Shannon Index (H'), it was revealed that, in general, the waters of the Isalowe River are in poor ecological condition and heavily polluted. The same observation was made at the source and at the mouth. In the middle, the waters are in a poor ecological state and very polluted. These results are due to the anthropogenic activities carried out in this river (cassava retting, artisanal palm oil extraction, dishes, laundry, bathing and fields). Key words: diatoms, bioassessment, water, quality, Isalowe river, Yangambi

The feeding habit and diet of Brachydeuterus auritus at Apam in the central region of Ghana was investigated over an 8 months period using the Index of Preponderance. Shrimp was found to be the most preferred food item accounting for 59% occurrence by number, with annelids and blue green algae being the least preferred accounting for 7% each. In the same vain, the most ranked food item using the Index of Preponderance was shrimps followed by fish with annelids recording the least rank. Correlation between food items number and the nutrient rich upwelling season was observed. Continuous study of the feeding preferences of this species is recommended owing to its importance to both the Ghanaian marine catches and as a relatively cheap source of animal protein.

In 2019, Matiama presented a new integral transformation called Shehu transformation, which used to solve many types of differential equations. In this article, we obtained the derivation and integration of Shehu transformation with its applications.

This study examined the impact financial deepening on non-oil sectors to growth in Nigeria over the period 1985 – 2017 using the Johansen approach to co-integration analysis and Vector Error Correction Model. Controlling for the possible effects of exchange rate and trade openness on economic activities, this study found that financial development exerts impact in the long-term and indicates no relationship in the short run in building and construction. In particular, money supply showed a negative relationship with Building and Construction sector contribution to GDP sector in the long run. Second, credit to private sector showed that there exists a positive relationship with the non-oil contribution to GDP output. Therefore, the development of financial sector intermediation could be the right strategy to lessening the dominance of the mono-resources economy called the oil sector in the Nigerian economy.

Earthquake damage in most bridges is the result of excessive seismic displacements and large force demands that have been substantially underestimated during design. The detailed study is carried out for continuous box superstructure & substructure for two lane spans 25 m-35 m-25 m, using IRC class A & 70R loadings. For analysis SAP2000 software is used. The results for 12 different cases have been studied and variation of each parameter is documented in a detailed manner. The impact of class of seismic zones corresponding to different soil conditions are studied. The impact of class of seismic zones corresponding to different soil conditions are compared in Spectral Acceleration coefficient Sa/g, Horizontal seismic coefficient Ah, Vertical seismic coefficient Av, Base shear Vb, Displacement at superstructure level. When comparing spectral acceleration, which depends on dynamic property of structure and supporting soil medium, it varies from 1.36 to 1.67 times, when the soil from hard to soft nature. As far as base shear, displacements are concerned, it increases from 1.6 times of hard soil to medium soil, whereas from medium to soft soil it increases to 1.5 times of medium soil.