Archives-December 

In recent time, proniosomal and noisomal system have been received a great attention in drug delivery applications as well as in pharmaceutical research. In order to minimize the problems associated with niosome physical stability such as aggregation, fusion and leaking and to provide additional convenience in transportation, distribution, storage and dosing etc, a dry product can be prepared, which is called proniosome. Proniosomes are dry formulation using suitable carrier coated with nonionic surfactants and can be converted into niosomes immediately before use by hydration. These proniosome-derived niosomes are as good as or even better than conventional niosomes. The current review deals with the trends, different aspects and the future perspective in the development of proniosomal drug delivery systems.

The demand for petroleum is increasing with each passing day. This may be attributed to the limited resources of petroleum crude. In that case, it becomes utmost necessity to search for alternative fuels, which are renewable, and in that biodiesel emerges as a real solution. Because of diminishing petroleum reserves and the deleterious environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum diesel, biodiesel has attracted attention during the past few years as a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel. Since it is made entirely from oils, it is renewable and biodegradable. Biodiesel is a cleaner burning fuel than diesel and a suitable replacement. It is made from non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable resources. It can be produced in many ways.

Chinnalaptti a small village at Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu is famous for its Chungidi handllom sarees. Around 13 textile processing units are there in this village. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the physio-chemical characteristics of dye effluent such as Total Dissolved Solid TDS),Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Hardness, Sulphate, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc and Nickel.

Objective: This study was to evaluated reasons for teeth extraction in southern regions of Iran. Method : We evaluated reasons for teeth extraction in 364 persons of sample population of Shiraz, Iran (157 women and 207 men)who were referred to Shiraz Governmental Dental Health Care Centers for extraction of their teeth in a three month period (Oct. to Dec. 2010). There were no special criteria in selection of the patients. Results: Data showed that dental caries was the main reason for extraction of teeth followed by periodontal disease and orthodontic therapy respectively (P=0.007). A significant relationship was shown between sex and extraction (P=0.015) and location of residence (urban vs. rural) (P=0.007). Conclusion: According to the data of this study showing that dental caries and periodontal diseases are two main causes of teeth extraction, it seems that following correct oral hygiene instructions via educational principles to the people accompanying mechanical removal of dental plaques, would be the first step in preventing these two common dental problems which may cause extraction of teeth.

The purpose of this review paper is to discuss the lean implementation and its quantified benefits for the textile industry. Both current and future state maps of the organization’s shop floor scenarios are discussed using lean techniques in order to highlight improvement areas and to bridge the gap between the existing state and the future state of shop floor of the textile industry. After an exhaustive review it is being found that lean implementation has many benefits at organizational and operational level. It has been concluded that, still many of the Indian textile industry have not adopted lean and it may be beneficial for them.

The solid transportation problem (STP) arises when bounds are given on three item properties. The fuzzy solid transportation problem (FSTP) appears when the nature of the data problem is fuzzy. This paper deals with the robust fuzzy solid transportation problem based on extension principle under uncertain demands. The fuzzy solid transportation problem is transformed into a pair of mathematical programs that is employed to calculate the lower and upper bounds of the fuzzy total transportation cost at possibility level . In this paper, we are interested in a robust version of location fuzzy transportation problem with an uncertain demand using a 2-stage formulation: one with inequality constraints and the other with equality constraints.

This study examines the effects of instructional scaffolding on achievement of students in Biology in Anambra State, Nigeria. The research design used in the study was quasi experimental research design. The sample consists of 120 SS2 biology students selected from the four randomly sampled secondary schools in Awka Education Zone in the state. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was the only instrument used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment correlation statistics was used to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.84 using data obtained by the test-retest method. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while t - test was used to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that scaffolding instructional strategy enhanced students? achievement in biology. There was no significant difference in the mean gain scores of male and female students taught biology concept in the experimental group but there was a significant difference between mean gain scores of male and female students taught biology concept in the control group. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that teachers should adopt scaffolding instructional strategy for teaching Biology in schools. Curriculum planners should include scaffold as an instructional strategy for enhancing academic achievement.

Self compacting concrete is a form of concrete that is capable of flowing into the congested interior of formwork, passing through the reinforcement and filling it in a natural manner, consolidating under the action of its own weight without segregation and bleeding. The main disadvantage of self compacting concrete is that it is very difficult to make it without using superplasticizers or viscosity modifying agents. The use of these chemical admixtures makes the production cost of self compacting concrete high. An attempt has been made to develop a new material which will combine the advantages self compacting concrete and the normal compacting concrete. This innovative new material is given the name semi self compacting concrete. Semi self compacting concrete can be made without the use of chemical admixtures at the same time it is capable of flowing easily under the action of minimal external energy without the need for vibration. The procedure for making semi self compacting concrete has been presented. Semi self compacting concrete mixes were cast. Tests on fresh and hardened semi self compacting concrete were conducted. It is found that the semi self compacting mixes developed satisfied the requirements of flowability, passibility and segregation resistance. The 56th day strength of the mixes was found to be satisfactory.

In this paper, an efficient and accurate method for human color skin recognition in color images with different light intensity will proposed .first we transform inputted color image from RGB color space to YCBCR color space and then accurate and appropriate decision on that if it is in human color skin or not will be adopted according to YCBCR color space using fuzzy, adaptive fuzzy neural network(anfis) methods for each pixel of that image. In our proposed system adaptive fuzzy neural network(anfis) has less error and system worked more accurate and appropriative than prior methods.

Alagankulam region covering Tamilnadu in Southern India has numerous cultural heritages due to its witness to various social movements of different civilizations in ancient times. Archaeological excavations carried out at different depths of the trench revealed the most significant findings of pot shred, roulette ware and amphorae jar pieces and pieces of red ware etc. These relics are dated back to 3rd - 4th century. In this study, pot shred of grey ware unearthed from Alagankulam site were investigated by FT-IR spectrometry. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used as complementary techniques in order to expose chemical and mineralogical phase contents respectively. Obtained results showed that these potteries have been produced with non-calcareous clays and include moderate amounts of MgO, K2O, Na2O and Fe2O3 in this context. Additionally, high temperature phases have also been detected with XRD analyses in some samples.