Archives-December 

Nigeria contributes 14% to the global estimate of maternal deaths. The role of men in maternal and child health interventions is understudied despite the crucial and indispensable role they play. This study was carried out to assess knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) and associated factors among male respondents in Benin City, with a view to improving their participation and support in maternal and child health interventions. A community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in Benin City. Interviewer administered pretested structured questionnaires were used to interview 237 consenting male partners/family members of pregnant women in selected communities in Benin City. Data collected was sorted for completeness, coded, entered and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Results were presented as pros, tables and figures; bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out in line with study objective, statistical significance was set at p?0.050 and 95% confidence interval. The mean age of male respondents studied was 37.8 ± 9.9 years, 191(75.8%) of them were in the Upper Socio-economic class (SEC) while 61(24.2%) in Lower SEC. In relation to knowledge of BPACR, 219(92.4%) of them had good knowledge while 18(7.6%) had fair knowledge of BPACR. Awareness of BP (OR=0.131; 95% (CI) 0.051 - 0.334; p <0.001) was the only significant predictor identified that influenced knowledge of BPACR. Respondents who never heard of Birth Preparedness (BP) were 7.7 times less likely of having good knowledge of BPACR than those who had heard of BP. Majority of respondents had good knowledge of BPACR. There is need to sustain this level of knowledge on BPACR, through regular awareness and sensitization programmes involving men as relevant stakeholders needed for the success of maternal and child health interventions.

Leptospirosis continues to be a challenge to health worldwide, among farmers, municipal workers etc. Despite widespread implementation of effective therapy, leptospirosis has not been eliminated or keeping under the control. The outbreaks occurring every year with increasing mortality during the flood and other water oriented natural calamities. Identification of patients with leptospirosis is challenging among the clinicians, due to misdiagnosing or under diagnosing, including non consideration of PUO cases to leptospirosis. Children who develop leptospirosis continue to be especially disadvantaged, with rates of late diagnosis and mortality remaining high. Leptospirosis is not a specified disease in the Millennium development goals, but severity and multiple organ dysfunctions to multiple organ failure induce the researchers and clinicians to concentrate for education and level of improvement of the patient care including immediate therapy. We review data and make recommendations for research on diagnosis, treatment and prevention such us further use of molecular analysis of Leptospira interrogans genome, formulation of newer vaccines and administration of doxycycline chemoprophylaxis to contacts. We also suggest developing the tools for early diagnosis and detection of infection and organ damage and formulation of strategies to manage the chronic complications of leptospirosis such as hepatospleenomegaly, renal failure, respiratory distress and neuropathy.

The current study presents the phenomenon of marginal and delinquency and helping of social services. The study shows that there is a relation between marginal and social delinquency and crimes. At the end, practical guidelines of social servers have been presented regarding to local development for eliminating the problems due to marginal and reduction of social delinquency and crimes.

Viscosity, density , and ultrasonic velocity , of brompheniramine with 1-hexanol were determined at 303K , 308K and 313K.From the experimental observations, adiabatic compressibility , viscous relaxation time , free volume (Vf), free length (Lf), and Gibbs free energy were calculated. Deviations of that parameters with ideal values were analyzed using mathematical relations and fitted with Redlich Kister polynomial equations. Standard deviations of the determined values of various parameters were calculated. From the observations, temperature takes a vital role and dissociation take place in the increasing temperature.

Water is the essential element in creating and sustaining conditions for human life Cell of the organism, and the medium in which we live. Water is one of the most important natural elements in our cart Ground is the secret of life, and is one of the most important components of living matter. Water accounts for 63% of the human body weight (Average) and human muscles contain about 83% of it. The human body needs about 5.2 liters Daily of water, and gets this amount of food and drink. Water plays a key role in the chemical processes in the body, and rid of waste, and contributes to the regulation of body temperature process Sweating. Due to the importance of drinking water in the preservation of life on the one hand, water is exposed to pollution by Many pollutants, including microorganisms, minerals, organic substances and radioactive materials, on the other hand Which called for the issuance of standards for the acceptance of drinking water, whether global or local standards. The focus will be on this study on the radiological side [1]. Although Kuwait does not have natural drinking water resources such as wells or rivers, most bottled water companies are directed to seawater in desalination, or resort to drill coastal beach wells. The coastal beach wells, are wells drilled near the coast of sea at depths of up to 50 meters, and are extracted from it salty sea water, but it is free of pollutants and impurities, or can be taken directly from the sea and thus work is a comprehensive desalination of water and adding Minerals such as magnesium and calcium, in addition to ensuring that it is free of any bacteria or viruses and detect its radioactive contamination or ensure that the concentration of natural radionuclides are not exceeded the international limit in this drinking water, after that water treatment and the addition of ozone gas for sterilization, then the final stage is manufacturing conservation bottles and bottling water in different sizes and processing for sale to the consumers. In this study, the concentration of radon gas in different samples of bottled mineral drinking water companies was measured in State of Kuwait. Concentration of (222Rn) in Bottled Mineral drinking water varies from 1.02 Bq/L to 6.05 Bq/L with the average value of 2.97±1.44 Bq/L. From these results it can be concluded that the majority of drinking water is safe to use from the stand point of concentration of radon in them. Mean values of effective dose per liter and annual effective dose from radon ingested with drinking water for an individual consumer are 29.72 nSv/L and 21.69 ?Sv/y, respectively. So, the level of Radon concentration in Kuwaiti bottled mineral drinking water is below the permissible limits for health purposes to drink.

In the realistic situation, the total expenditure on the inventory may be limited to certain extent for a store house to maintain inventory of multiple items having independent ordering costs and holding costs. That is, less than a predetermined maximum permissible amount which may be vague to certain extent. In fact all the parameters in an inventory model are normally variable, uncertain and imprecise. These fuzzy variables like objective goal, costs and constraints are considered with linear and parabolic membership functions in fuzzy logic and the model is solved by fuzzy non-linear programming method using Lagrange multipliers and illustrated with numerical examples.

This paper proposes a research framework involving two indicators of national competitiveness namely quality of governance and financial sophistication. Specifically, it proposes to examine the role of governance in influencing the level of financial sophistication among emerging economies in Asia. Good governance is needed to increase the wealth of people in a country as this will create positive influences at the regional and international scopes. On the other hand, a sophisticated financial markets is required to ensure the availability of capital especially from banking and capital market. The proposed framework is an important area of research as it will highlight the significance of governance practices as a major element in determining the level of financial sophistication in which suitable policies are implemented through good governance are expected to ensure a better access to financing that could improve the country’s economic growth.

There has been an increasing interest in organization theory field towards network theory and methodology during the recent years. Most important journals in this field published a special issue concerning the organizational networks. Social embeddedness theory of Granovetter (1985) can be seen as a milestone for the widespread usage of social network methodology in the field of economics and management. Network research methodology has gained importance to measure the social capital of the organizations (Bordieu, 1983 and Coleman, 1988) for understanding institutional effects in an organizational field (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983; Galaskiewicz and Wasserman, 1989) and to map resource dependency relations between organizations (Pfefer and Salancik, 1978). Networks research methodology can also be used to determine some micro issues in organizations like coalition groups, cliques, social capital formation tendency of the actors.

Number is the language of science and the best way to express it is symbols, and numerals are forms(symbols) written by the numbers codes. Alsumariun expressed Semites for numbers letters alphabet, and the Babylonians expressed them in cuneiform, and Egyptians wrote numbers in the form of horizontal and vertical lines and fees hieroglyphics and the Greeks used first letters of words to denote numbers, as did the Phoenicians and Hebrews, while Romans used vertical lines and then evolved to take the form of letters of the alphabet. Arabs before Islam expressed numbers in terms of Alphabet and after the advent of Islam and the descent of the Holy Quran and the receipt of a lot of numbers in it written in Arabic language Muslims expressed numbers writing method instead of symbols.

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), a leguminous crop, is widely consumed in developing countries for its high nutritional content, particularly its vitamin C and essential micronutrients. Sprouting is known to enhance the nutritional profile of seeds, but there is limited research on its effect on the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phosphate content of pigeon pea. Pigeon pea seeds were purchased from Ogbete market in Enugu State, Nigeria, and sprouted over five days. Ascorbic acid content was quantified using an iodine titration method, while phosphate levels were determined via spectrophotometry. Samples were collected and analyzed at 24-hour intervals (Day 0 to Day 5). The ascorbic acid content of pigeon pea seeds showed a increase from 0.088 mg/100g on Day 0 to 0.152 mg/100g on Day 5, with the highest increase observed between Day 3 and Day 5. The phosphate content initially increased from 0.275 mg/100g on Day 0 to 0.718 mg/100g on Day 3, before declining slightly to 0.556 mg/100g by Day 5. Statistical analysis indicated that the changes in both ascorbic acid and phosphate content were significant (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that sprouting significantly enhances the nutritional content of pigeon pea seeds, particularly with respect to ascorbic acid and phosphate levels. This increase in nutrient content supports the potential health benefits of incorporating sprouted pigeon pea into diets, especially in regions where micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent.