Archives-December 

An attempt has been made to determine a distribution pattern of watermoulds in slightly acidic (pH 6.5 – 7.0), near neutral (pH 7.0 – 7.5), slightly alkaline (pH 7.5 – 8.0) and moderately alkaline (pH 8.0 – 8.5) soils in Gorakhpur (India). The watermoulds, belonging to Saprolegniaceae and Blastocladiaceae families, have shown a variable occurrence in the soils of varying pH from slightly acidic to moderately alkaline. Pythiopsis cymosa has been classified under slightly acidic soil type whereas Allomyces arbuscula, Allomyces moniliformis and Allomyces javanicus, all belonging to family Blastocladiaceae, have been found to be distributed within slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.5 – 7.5) soils. Saprolegnia diclina and Saprolegnia ferax were restricted to neutral to slightly alkaline (7.0 – 8.0) soil pH whereas Achlya orion, Achlya diffusa and Brevilegnia spp. (unidentified species of Brevilegnia) have been classified as constant type. The present studies indicate Aphanomyces laevis to be characteristic of neutral to moderately alkaline (7.0 – 8.5 pH) soils and Brevilegnia bispora and Brevilegnia indica as slightly alkaline type (7.5 – 8.0 pH). In vitro variable pH experiments have shown that the watermoulds itself modify the pH of the medium and, then develop different stages of their life cycle or vice versa. Temperature has been found to modify the pH of pure water, pond water and soil-extract water and therefore, this distinctly identifies the importance of temperature in pH mediated distribution of watermoulds.

The aim of this paper is to bring the National and Spiritual identities, which are portrayed in the novel “Kanthapura” (1938) by Raja Rao. He focuses on two individual leaders and their beliefs, the actual and the mythicized figure of Gandhi, and his transmutation into Moorthy, the saintly hero of the novel. Yet interestingly he never has an actual meeting with Gandhi. He has only seen him in a ‘vision’ addressing a public meeting with him pushing his way through the crowd and joining the band of volunteers and receiving inspiration by a touch of Gandhi’s hand. The influence of Mahatma Gandhi’s practical philosophy and the social and the political aspects of his working programme are immense on the novel.

This paper examines the role of financial development in economic growth of Pakistan. We have generated financial development index for capturing the financial development in Pakistan, along with financial development we have also chosen some explanatory variables which are closely related to economic growth. We have used annual time series data from 1972 to 2013 and used ARDL model for empirical analysis. The result of our study states that financial development is positively related with economic growth.

In this paper the thermodynamic evaluation of cooling with process heat for industrial application in India has been investigated to identify the effects of various operating parameters. In this system simultaneous production of vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cooling and process heat from different heat sources with higher energy efficiency take place. This is one of the solutions to fulfill energy requirements from solar energy and also helps in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The VAR cooling system operates using the heat taken from parabolic trough collector and condenser heat of the VAR cooling system is used in process heat for various applications as per demand requirement. Though the production of cooling effect decreases due to extraction of heat from condenser for process heat application i.e. specifically in dairy industry, the complete cycle meets the energy requirements in industrial sector & also increases the overall efficiency. The different parametric study is also carried out to simulate the results of various useful outputs by varying various input points.

One of the most outrageous human rights violations of 21st century is the violations suffered by human trafficked victims, the violations are often in three stages: first by the traffickers who capture, enslave and exploit individual directly or sell them to be used in industries and jobs for cheap labor and services, second is the destination countries where victims are been exploited in labor yet denied all legal recognition as victim of crime rather is treated as criminal- illegal migrant who is deported without any chance of fair hearing and finally the third is the home country of victims of trafficking that denied victims the required legal assistance in prosecuting traffickers, rehabilitation and reintegration of victims back into the society . In most cases victims of human trafficking in addition to the physical and mental damages suffered during traffic process, are also being prosecuted and punished for the criminal acts perpetuated as a result of being trafficked or deported for being illegal migrant without any chance of fear hearing. In discussing the above topic, it is important to know the true concept of human trafficking under international and domestic laws of our discussion, their legal status and involvement crimes, and if they could possibly be prosecuted for crimes committed during their trafficking period.

Agriculture and technological gadgets rule the world. No agriculture, no food. No technological gadgets, no civilisation. Agriculture as the ancient of civilisation is on threshold competition with high-tech gadgets. Everywhere, Money! Money! Money, but none for 99% of world population of over 6 billion. Only 1% of world population control world wealth of over US$251 trillion. Of this wealth high-tech gadgets account for over 90%. Agricultural products remain the least priced, but remains the most essential. Yet, high tech gadgets take the whole earnings from agriculture and add to their own empire. In view of the fact that high tech money monguls, must also feed and be happy with agriculture, and not from gadgets; they need to invest in agriculture and feed a hungry world with just 1% of their fortune. Nevertheless, agriculture and high tech gadgets must live and let live for a better world.

Youth tourist is gaining more recognition in tourism marketing and product development in developing countries. Besides being an individual who favours cheap travel, free street shows, and non guided tours, youth tourist also desires to experience expensive events. However, youth in event tourism in Malaysia is hardly discussed, leaving the capabilities of this event unexplored. One of the Malaysian initiatives to enhance tourism, including youth is the Visit Malaysia Year 2007. Based on a case study of 130 respondents, this article draws the perspective of youth tourists’ perspective as fans of event tourism. The findings showed that forms and event suitability act as the mediators that encouraged youths’ participation in event tourism. In planning future event tourism, youth as fans should be transformed in more discern promotional campaign, as knowing who youth of event tourism are will define their desires and actual travel capabilities.

Cloacal malformation is a rare but important anomaly. The cloacal anomaly is characterised by the persistence of a common channel draining the urinary, genital and alimentary tracts through a single orifice. It results from abnormal compartmentalization of features that are normal in the primitive female embryo. Abnormal embryology and cloacal anatomy are described in detail. Cloacal abnormalities are usually diagnosed promptly in the neonatal period

In this paper we prove a unique common fixed point theorem in 2-metric space .the existence of fixed point for two weakly compatible maps into 2-metric space is established under new contractive condition of integral type by using another functions and

This paper proposes a new crossover for the shortage of genetic algorithm, which is called Same-position reverse Crossover, replaces the mutation operator in genetic algorithm for trust region method. Finally, proves convergence of algorithm. Numerical experiment shows that the new method is effective.