Archives-December 

Many of people read fiction for joy, but a few of them float particularly to works about the past. People have enjoyed historical fiction since 800 BC, when Homer wrote about the Trojan War in the Iliad. The words to which historical fiction carries us may seem utterly different from our own - but they really existed. A deep understanding of the past can help us understand our own time and our own motivations better. And by blending history and fiction, a novel lets us do more than simply read history: it lets us participate in the hopes, fears, passions, mistakes and triumphs of the people who lived it. (“People read fiction for joy,” 2015).History and literature have always found proximity with each other, until it got separated after Rankean positivist research methodology for history in 19th century. But after the coming of postmodernism by 1960s and its formal introduction by 1980s, history and literature have started working hand in hand again, with new development in the form of historical novels. Many of the postmodernist literature refer historical documents, re-reading the sources in order to develop theories and stories around the facts, giving birth to multiple theories to attract readers as well as to make subjectivity feasible in reading the text, unlike what was postulated by Ranke.

The aim of this paper is to examine the anomalous variations of the critical frequency (foF2), Total Electron content (TEC) and foEs parameters before earthquake occurred on 01 April 2014 Iquique Chile (M=8.2) and on 25 October 2013 Japan(M=7.1). Using the Correlation technique we analyzed the foF2, TEC and foEs parameters. A sudden drop in cross correlation coefficient of foF2 observed 02 days before, drop for TEC observed 12 days before and drop for foEs parameter observed 03 days before Chile event While drop in correlation coefficients for foF2 and foEs were observed 05 days and 01 day before Japan event.

The antibacterial properties of picolinic acid was tested against selected test organisms which includes serratia marcescens, micrococcus luteus, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, lactococcus lactis, enterobacter cloacae, staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained established that picolinic acid has antibacterial activities against S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. flexneri, B .cereus, P. vulgaris, M . luteus with minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5mg/mL. It also had great antibacterial activity against P. mirabilis at minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.5mg/L. Picolinic acid evoked a strong antibacterial activities against B. subtilis, S.aureus and L. lactis at minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.0mg/mL and against E . cloacace at minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.0mg/mL. The diameter of zones of inhibition ranges between 7.0mm and 14.0mm.

The study was carried out to find the status of Sombo spring water of Jimma town in respect to physico-chemical water quality parameters during 2015 and 2016 following standard methods of sampling and testing. For this study, samples were collected from two sample sites. The physico-chemical Parameters included turbidity, pH, EC, temperature, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, Chloride, total alkalinity, Calcium and Magnesium were analyzed. The observed values of various physico-chemical parameters of the spring water samples were compared with standard values and the result showed that seven out of ten tested parameters were within the permissible limits. Turbidity of the Sombo water was above the permissible limit while pH and dissolved oxygen values were below permissible limit range recommended by WHO for drinking water. Thus, the sombo spring water could affect human health, since the nearby community using it for drinking purpose. Therefore, it is recommended to have a frequent monitoring of the physico-chemical parameters and need the attention of the concerned body to treat the water or find other alternative safe drinking water source.

Mineral nutrient Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Calcium showed increasing trends with increasing nematode inoculum. However, Nitrogen and Phosphorus showed significant increase at 100 nematodes and above per pot where as Ca increase significantly at 10 nematodes and above levels per pot .Potassium and Magnesium did not showed inconsistent trends, more over Mg declined at higher nematode inoculum .Meloidogyne incognita increased macro nutrient levels in roots which left adverse impact on plant physiology.

A novel RF-MOSFET (Radio Frequency Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) model with PTM (Predictive technology model) for 90 nm CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology is presented. A simple and accuracy method is developed to directly extract all the high frequency parasitic effect from measured S-parameter biased at zero and linear region. This model is proposed to overcome some of short channel effects at nano-scale highly dopped drain and source based on the conventional small signal MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) equivalent circuit, RF (Radio Frequency) characterization of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) has been taken up in terms of RF Figure of Merits. The excellent correspondence is achieved between simulated and measured S-parameter (Scattering parameter) from 1GHz to 10 GHz frequency range.

The book Basic Communication Skills is prescribed for the First Semester Bachelor of Commerce students. A teacher reads out the conversations in Chapter 2 section (B) as there is no facility of playing the CD accompanying the book in the classroom. The students follow the conversations word by word in the book (only those who have the book and their immediate neighbours!). They underline the expressions used for denying permission with her help. She also helps the students to fill the blanks in the conversation on page 25 and asks them to practise the same.

Organizations, related to communication, and managers usually most of his time is spent communicating it. To create harmony between the human and material elements, in the form of a network of efficient, and effective communication is desirable, because when you lose, the activity stops. In fact, the management of construction work depends to communicate effectively. The world in which we live, is the world of communication. Communication and information searches audience is so fast that, in the heart of London or even in the farthest and most remote places on Earth also penetrated the heart and soul of the audience, and makes him aware of the associated organizations, with unstoppable speed continues to gallop ahead, and organizations into challenges. This research is descriptive method of analysis, the factors have been explored communication, research findings indicate that the Community can play a role in the survival and development organizations, and coordination they have, and can also be used in case of lack of control, and manage the effects of have negative and harmful. In this paper, enjoying the role of management, and management of communications systems reduce the effects of this widespread phenomenon, and it applied to corporate interests.

This paper presents the design style and analysis of ultra-low power digital system using reversible logic. Adiabatic technique is the one which uses reversible logic for low power system, this technique is implemented for the digital systems 4-bit, 8-bit adder-subtractors and also 3-bit, 5-bit BEC (binary to excess-1 converter) based on ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic) and PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) logic families which works with the professional four phase power clock. These styles have the profit of energy saving as it reuse the certain amount of the energy by recycling from the load capacitance thus reduces the energy dissipation. MOS level-11 Tanner-spice simulation has been used for the design of Energy saving adiabatic circuits with consideration to particular frequencies with the different load capacitance, and different supply voltages. In analysis, two logic families, ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic) and PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) are compare with conventional CMOS logic for Incrementors and adders. Also comparison of ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic) and PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) is done. In the analysis it has found that adiabatic is superior for low power applications in Cryptographic hardware for example smart cards, Digital Signal processing system and embedded systems at particular frequency choice.

This paper emphasis the automatic remote EB metering system using the existing GSM technology to reduce the human intervention, in order to save invaluable man time and to reduce the cost. This is fast, accurate and time saving. Though both analog and digital meters are widely used, in this work the existing analog reading meter with additional circuitry of IR sensor is used for demonstration. Nowadays GSM network is not only used mere mobile conversation, its applications are countless. At the end of every month or the date programmed in the controller, the actual readings (units consumed) will be sent to the consumer by the SMS (Short Messaging Services). ARM microcontroller has been programmed to govern all these works. A prototype system has been developed for experimentation.