Archives-December 

The Kenyan government’s directive to schools to use mother tongues as the main language of instruction in lower primary school classes has received support and dissent in equal measure among the country’s education stakeholders. Teachers unions and sections of Kenyan society fear it will promote ethnic division, and separate children along tribal lines.

The unsteady state mass conservation equation for chlorine concentration decay in drinking water in a pipe line network for axisymmetric flow is solved analytically with the help of Hankel transform. The numerical values and graphical representations are shown by using MATLAB for various values of chlorine consumption rate, diffusivity, time and fluid velocity etc.

This paper proposes a new nanofluid thermal conductivity analytical model based on the combination of static and modified Brownian motion mechanism. This is applicable for spherical nanoparticles, the particle volume fraction of 0.005, and critical size nanoparticles. This model is compared with Al2O3/water and CuO /water based nanofluid using existing thermal conductivity models and the experimental results in the open literature. This model deviates 2-5% with the existing Brownian motion theoretical model and experimental results. It is found that the Brownian motion contribution is significant only when the particle size is less that that of critical size and nominal particle volume fraction. It concludes that higher the particle volume fraction leads to lowering the Brownian motion velocity of particles in base fluids resulting degrading the nanoconvection.

This paper investigates modernism, postmodernism and globalization concepts. It emphasizes relations between these entities in the process of development and evolutions of societies and views this process as an unavoidable fact. Modernism and postmodernism are both directly related to the globalization process. In general, modernism is considered as an artistic and literary movement accompanied by the lack of homogeneity and conformity that developed within the mainstream of scientific realms and structuralism. Postmodernism, which is inspired by post-structuralism, means changing modern policies and functions into more developed ones. But, globalization is moving ahead, inspired by modernism and postmodernism toward fundamental changes in social life. The modernism and postmodernism views come along with a cultural sub-structure, and aims at creating fundamental economic, social and political changes in developing countries and advance. These changes are in line with development and improvement aims and interests the countries. Globalization should be seen as a continuation of modernism and postmodernism periods.

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a maintenance program which involves newly defined concept for maintaining Plant, Equipment & available facilities. In this present paper concepts of TPM and its Implementation strategies, and Identified problems are categorized under the pillars of TPM as their remedy action. Solutions to these problems are suggested in accordance with TPM guidelines. In accordance with TPM such as lack of cleaning activities around different work stations, no planned maintenance whatsoever, and lack of safety measures for workers and room for improvement in Plant Layout are found. These problems create many related sub-problems and affect the overall productivity of the organization. So, there is a room for Implementation of TPM. The recommendations made on the basis of TPM guidelines will help the organization in increasing its productivity, better product quality, improved efficiency of equipment and machines, besides it also improves worker’s job satisfaction by enhancing their technical skills, reduces work related accidents, & overall a healthy competitive atmosphere will prevail in organization.

In recent times, there is an increased importance in sourcing for an alternative product that fully or partially replaces mineral oil, hence reducing the dependency on the environmentally harmful oil. Much effort has been focused on research and development of new types of lubricant oil additives. The use of additives to improve the lubricating capacity and durability of lubricant oils play an important role in wear and friction process of materials. This study looks into the possibility of partially replacing the mineral base additives with more environmentally friendly organic base oil. The aims of this research were to produce palm oil based biodiesel (methyl ester) and silver nanoparticles using “green methods” and combining them at different ratios to be added as additive into base oil lubricant. A total of eight oil samples tests were run to determine anti-wear and frictional properties using pin-on-disc tribology tester. The results showed that the 80:20 blend of lubricant oil to biodiesel and silver nanoparticles have better anti-wear properties than the base lubricant oil (commercially available, SAE 20W-50) on itself. The specific wear rate of the blend was 39.9% lower than that of the base oil and wear levels recorded by the pin-on-disc machine showed that the blend is comparable with the base oil in terms of stability. More importantly, the coefficient of friction for the 80:20 blend far outperforms the base oil with a considerably reduced friction value obtained throughout.

Despite the increase in interest in fashion in Malaysia, there has not been any in-depth research conducted on the motives behind this concept. Hence, this study aims to fill this gap by searching for patterns, ideas, or issues to answer specifically “what is Malaysian youth understanding of fashion ?”Twelve respondents were selected through Facebook by virtue of their fashionpictures. An in-depth interview was conducted on one to one basis. The outcome indicated that these youth concur with the concept of fashion. This information will assist and be valuable to marketers in designing fashion.

After independence Tanzania adopted a socialist ideology,‘Ujamaa’.‘Ujamaa’ was a political decision to societal development. It is obvious majority poor were complacent to it. This made many Tanzanians to identify themselves as “wajamaa.” Nevertheless, the economic crisis of 1970s swayed Tanzania to adopt Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) . SAPs are grounded in liberalism. This situation led Tanzania to a dilemma of having liberalism and abandoning socialism since the two ideologies are disputable and can never be applied at the same setting. Apparently, the socialist ideology is identified with Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere, the founder of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). It is logical that to abandon “Ujamaa” is to illegitimise CCM from the majority Tanzanians. Instead, Tanzania decided to adopt the SAPs in 1980s and remain with Ujamaa on paper for legitimacy. In 1991 Zanzibar Resolution was drawn to entomb core values of “Ujamaa”.It is this particular event which is claimed as marking death of “Ujamaa” in practice. Mwl. Nyerere himself commented in 1993 that “Ujamaa” had been warped. Yet, CCM would argue for existence of “Ujamaa”. The bases for the argument are Article 9(j) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania 1977(URT Constitution) and Article 4(3) and 5(3) of the CCM Constitution 1977(CCM Constitution). This paper argues that Tanzania has currently a “myeloma” in ideology. And thus, it suffers a crisis. Its praxis is absent. Concomitantly, the praxis of liberalism through privatization policies and legislation is repugnant and thus unconstitutional. This leaves the general public confused. Moreover it makes investors lose confidence in business as a result. The paper recommends a wider debate involving all stakeholders be held in guiding the country to one clear direction on ideology.

Teachers elavuate their roles in their school environment by what they feel as they go to work everyday. The ability of workers to adapt to the work environment is often associated with job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is urgently needed to provide comfort in performing tasks that have been entrusted to the teachers. It would be achieved if all requirement are met and it would indirectly increase the motivate the teachers. Nowdays there are few signs which indicate that job satisfaction has occured degradation. The stages of adaptation at the workplace often vary which will result in job dissatisfaction and thus the job performance is affected. Apart from that, findings of several studies has found that the key factors affecting job satisfaction to teachers is the development of motivation, attitude and behavior of an individual and the emotional stress due to workload and their internal problem. Job satisfaction is also closely related to the working-class pressure. The working pressure is always identified as factors leading to low production yield, absenteeism, resignations and poor health of workers. An individual who has high job satisfaction will focus on his career, will be not easily tired, hardworking, highly motivated and will strive to improve work performance. Aspects of job satisfaction is also associated with the psychological aspects inseparable from the concept of motivation. The emphasis on job satisfaction is very important because it will indirectly affect individual performance and contribution to the organization. Someone who do not get job satisfaction will be tempted to neglect their duty and does not carry out the mandate that was given to him.

Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital anomalies but interesting clinical entities. Most of them showing up in pediatric population they have a varied presentation, with clinical features will vary from asymptomatic abdominal masses to bowel obstruction or perforation. This review traces the embryological origin and describes the anatomical types of duplications. Lack of normal gut motility interferes with movement of intestinal contents In children mostly associated with abdominal surgery or infection. Adhesions are fibrous bands of tissue Cause: postoperative small bowel obstruction after abdominal surgery The majority of obstructions: is single adhesions and can occur any time after 2nd postoperative week