Archives-December 

This study attempts to reinterpret language learning motivation through applying the new theory of the L2 Motivational Self System by Dörnyei (2005, 2009), which has not received due attention and consideration in the context of foreign language. The overriding aim guiding this research was to empirically examine how three main components of the mentioned theory, namely, the ideal L2 self, the ought-to L2 self and the L2 learning experiences, were related to the motivated learning behavior among elementary and advanced EFL learners. The study was designed using a mixed methods approach, with a primary quantitative research instrument being supported by secondary qualitative data. The main quantitative instrument was an attitudinal questionnaire conducted among 142 elementary and advanced EFL learners in both sexes, in two English language institutions in Isfahan, Iran. The qualitative data was collected from a set of interviews with a total of 8 female learners of English in the same places. Analysis of the achieved data provided convincing support for four claims. Firstly, the findings confirmed that the Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) L2 Motivational Self System can be validated in the Iranian context. Second, the ideal L2 self and L2 learning experiences represented a significant relationship with motivated learning behavior in both groups, while the relation between ought-to L2 self and motivated learning behavior was significant but weak in case of elementary, and non-significant in case of advanced students. Third, the research found that among the three dependent variables, the L2 learning experiences had the most significant relationship with L2 motivation than the other two. Finally, it was shown by the achieved data that the L2 learning experiences and the ought-to L2 self were considerably higher for elementary students, whereas the ideal L2 self was fairly the same for both groups.

Different characteristics of teachers are perceived as important factors for motivating students to learn. According to Meek (1989), Escalante explained that "a teacher has to possess love and knowledge and then has to use this combined passion to be able to accomplish something" (p. 47). Mckeachie (1999)notes that : interaction , particularly with peers , is an important motivator for many students. In this study, we investigated the relationship between teachers’ ability and students ‘ motivations. Participants are1000 students at Intermediate level. This study was conducted in Khorasan foreign languages institute in Kashmar. Participants were given questionnaires and asked to answer the questions. This research uses information from students to explore the relationship between teachers ‘ability and students ‘motivations. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. After analyzing the data, it was clear that there is a significant correlation between teachers' ability and students' motivation.

The glory of Islamic civilization since the year 750 AD has shown that the economic institutions of Islam brought by the very strong and managed to survive so many years. This paper aims to explore the development of economic institutions in the glory of Islamic civilization. This study used qualitative methods, through literature review and document analysis of past studies. The results showed that the economy is one factor that contributed towards the rise of Islam in line with the administrative aspects, political, military and others. In addition to not shirk their duties within the community, economic development should be incorporated with Islamic values outlined by the Qur’an and Hadith.

In this article based on case study in shelter assembly shop in Sanaye Felezi Iran Co, with the use of "Stop -Watch" method, the cycle time of every conveyance operation to each workstation of the assembly lines is measured then the standard time of every conveyance cycle, the ideal rate of conveyance, the velocity of conveyance in each minute, are calculated. Then, with the use of linear programming technique, decrease the total expected cost of conveyance. In the next stage, by using the Hungarian allocation technique, for each line of assembly shop, lifter and the operator was allocated and in the next stage classifying the raw materials transportation paths from warehouses to assembly shop to determination the best transportation path by use of ‘technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution’ (TOPSIS). Finally, usage of production distribution model to optimum distribution of productions in Sanaye Felezi Iran Co.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used drugs in medicine for various inflammatory conditions. The study was aimed at determining toxic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wistar Albino rats by assessing their Biochemical and hematological properties. A total of twenty one (21) adult Wistar rats were used for this research. Diclofenac sodium, Ibuprofen, Aspirin, piroxicam, Celecoxib and indomethazine treatment groups (n =3) was orally administered to each rat following the corresponding dose which was selected based on the LD dose in rats and body weight. Treatment of the animals was done for 14 days after the 7 days acclimatization before sacrificing them through cervical dislocation. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture, using 5ml syringes and 23G needles into blood sample containers for hematological analysis and the liver and Kidney was harvested for biochemical analysis using the principles of biochemical and hematological analysis. The hematological results show that the drug-treated groups had significant decrease in the values of Hb concentration, PCV, RBC and WBC when compared with the control group. However, Hb concentration levels were also observed to increase in Indomethazine, celecoxib, aspirin and diclofenac-treated groups when compared with the control. Biochemical results shows a significant increase of the drug-treated groups of the levels of serum ALP, total bilirubin, total protein, creatinine, albumin, urea, total cholesterol, in comparison with the control group. The results therefore showed that NSAIDs used in this study had toxic effects on vital animal tissues, resulting in hematological disorder, hepatic and renal impairments. 

In this paper we present vehicle density estimation, vehicle classification and stopped vehicle detection system for outdoor traffic surveillance is presented. It is important to know the road traffic density in predefined traffic videos especially in mega cities for signal control and effective traffic management. In recent years, video monitoring and surveillance systems have been widely used in traffic surveillance system. Hence, traffic density estimation and vehicle classification can be achieved using video monitoring systems. In vehicle detection methods for several review of literature, only the detection of vehicles in frames of the given video. The stopped vehicle detection is based on the pixel history. This methodology has proved to be quite robust in terms of different weather conditions, lighting and image quality. Some experiments carried out on some highway scenarios demonstrate the robustness of the proposed solution.

This paper seeks to delineate the constraints imposed on translators of movie dialogues in the context of Iran. The movie ''Platoon'' is selected for this purpose. In this situation a myriad of external constraints, that is, cultural, religious, and political, lead to rewriting or manipulation of movie texts. This is an effective means for creating and naturalizing ideologies, through expurgation, derogation, etc. The movie translations in Iran are scenes of ideological incursions in translation, that is, suppression of dialectal features. They are sites of ideological clashes in which certain realities are constructed and challenged and xenophobic attitudes are propagated. The translators counterfeit realities and inculcate them in the innocent audience. This paper explores the ideological and socio-political factors which determine the strategies applied in the translation of western movies.

This study, “Transmogrification of the Danse Macabre Image: Capturing the Journey towards Creativity,” traces the evolution of the concept of Danse Macabre. In Everyman death takes away the sinful when they least expect it, in Solyman and Perseda everyone falls prey to death irrespective of their deeds and in Tauba-tun-Nasuh, the sinner is plagued. The climatic point in this brief research comes with the Modern texts, The Moon and Sixpence, Roohe-e-Insani and Amédéé, ou Comment s’en débarrasser, when Danse Macabre extends its boundaries, uniting the idea of creativity with death. Similarly in the visual context, Danse Macabre image, initially a horrifying idea, becomes a part of the present day comics and serves an entertaining rather than a cathartic purpose.

Frequent interruptions of hydroelectric energy damage equipment and reduce worker productivity, notably in developing countries. Manufacturing leaders in Zambia who lack strategies to manage hydroelectricity interruptions risk financial and other losses. The lens of the contingency theory provided the underlying constructs to fulfill the purpose of this qualitative, multiple case study, notably to explore strategies that some manufacturing leaders use to manage hydroelectricity interruptions. The participants were six managers from different manufacturing industries based in Lusaka, Zambia, who implemented strategies to manage hydropower interruptions. The qualitative data collection involved conducting interviews using a semi structured form with triangulation of the primary data against the reviews of company documents, company websites, and publications from the Zambia Association of Manufacturers related to managing hydroelectricity power interruptions. The thematic analysis led to the principal theme emergence of the importance of managing the cost of labor input. The key recommendations from the analysis of the study findings were on the value of investment in alternative power-generating equipment and upgrading of plant transformers. The discoveries from the study may contribute to positive social change by contributing to job creation and improving financial outcomes.

Normal coordinate calculations of Adenine have been carried out using Wilson’s FG matrix mechanism on the basis of General Valence Force Field (GVFF) for both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations. The potential energy constants obtained in this study are refined using numerical methods. A satisfactory vibrational band assignment has been made by using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound.