Archives-December 

From the moment governments began making money from levying duty on imported goods, a smuggling trade developed to avoid paying such taxes. To avert the adverse effects of contraband most countries of the world take preventive measures. This research gives an overview of the existing situation of contraband in our country, mainly on the Moyale-Addis Ababa Trade route, due to the poor trade licensing procedures. This research has explored the licensing procedures of traders on smuggled goods and the effectiveness of legal punishments and other techniques to prevent contraband in Moyale to Addis Ababa trade route. Based on relevant domestic regional and federal tax and trade laws of the country, the research tried to critically analyze the practical obstacle to prevent contraband and the rationale behind licensing the traders on smuggled goods from. In conducting the research, the researcher basically followed qualitative approach. In collecting data, the scholar employed the mixture of random and purposive/judgmental sampling technique so as to get the key informants of the study. The study revealed that contraband or illegal trade involving export and import of goods was very common through long borders of the Ethiopian Moyale- Addis Ababa Trade root/ region with neighboring country Kenya. The failure of trade licensing authority to control and supervise and take legal action is the very cause for the expansion of contraband trade.

The automatic identification of the modulation type of a signal at the receiver is a major task of an intelligent receiver, such as software defined radio (SDR), which is used in different communication systems. With no knowledge of the transmitted data, recognition of the modulation type is a difficult task. A communication system, in which receiver is designed based on Machine learning is trained to detect the message using statistical parameters. In this work, machine learning algorithm is developed for identifying 6 different modulated signal types at the receiving end. MATLAB tool is used to generate different modulated signals. Identification of modulation type is done by analyzing different statistical features such as normalized PSD, kurtosis and sum-fft which are calculated using the sampled version of received signal. The algorithm is tested for different frequency and amplitude signals at the receiving end and results are tested for correctness.

The implementation of instructional materials for foreign language teaching forms the basis of language use providing linguistic input and explicit language practice for learners. In this sense, materials development and design is of paramount importance regarding the needs of the learners in order to keep up with innovations together with the requirements formalized by the rapidly changing needs of an information society. Herein, Turkey, as a developing country, is to redefine its national educational objectives and the curriculum to integrate instructional technologies into teaching. Within the scope of this article, the background information (aims, reasons, influences, institutional structuring) underlying the process of materials development and design within the scope of Ministry of National Education (henceforth MONE) in Turkey along with cross-over educational trends, policy directives and responses to technology has been probed into including the years from 1923 to 2015. Additionally, recent changes in Turkish education system have been scrutinized.

Exposure to natural sources of radiation, especially 222Rn and its short-lived daughter products has become an important issue throughout the world because sustained exposure of humans to indoor radon may cause lung cancer. Therefore, indoor radon concentration levels have been measured inside 8 government hospitals in three main regions (Erbil, Duhok and Sulaymaniya) in Iraqi Kurdistan region during summer season by using CR-39 nuclear track detector. The CR-39 detectors were placed in the all hospitals for three floors (ground, first and second). The highest average radon concentration value and annual effective dose was found to be in the Shaheed Dr.Aso hospital in Sulaymaniya city (52.89±3.52 Bq.m-3 , 1.37±0.09 mSv/y ) respectively and the lowest was found in the Erbil Teaching hospital in Erbil city (30.15±2.85 Bq.m-3 , 0.81 mSv/y) respectively, This depended on the geological formation , type of building material, and the floor level. Therefore, the results showed that the average radon concentration and annual effective dose decreases gradually as the floor level increases The highest and lowest of annual effective dose was found in ground and second floor, respectively. Thus, according to the annual exposure dose data, the workers are safety in most of the hospitals.

A typical presentation of miliary tuberculosis is radiologically defined by the presence of diffuse micronodules of different size and irregular contours distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. We report the case of a 24-year-old young adult, who presented a metastatic adenocarcinoma revealed by respiratory symptoms, and a balloons releasing image on the chest scanner.

The current situation has caused the consumers, a great deal of either self-restrained or government restrained spending situation. The paper is aimed at tapping the pulse of millennial consumer’s on spending. Around 150 millennials were surveyed and we found out that consumers are still unwilling to spend on purchase of non-essentials commodities despite the lockdown easing. They are buying essential goods at kirana stores. Forced savings have occurred and Revenge buying is expected in the current normal situation

The logistic regression model has had a remarkable growth in the field of statistics. It is particularly useful for predicting continuous and categorical explanatory variables using categorical dependent variable. This work studies 111 cases of HIV/AIDS infected patients and fits a binary logistic model. The results show that presence of tuberculosis, CD4 cell count and Regimens are significant risk factors of mortality of HIV/AIDS patients, obtained from the records Department of the General Hospital Wukari, Taraba State of Nigeria.

Excessive wood consumption in Burkina Faso has led not only to deforestation, but also to soil degradation. The preservation of ecosystem balances, the management of soil fertility and the safeguarding of forests are major issues for future generations. It is in this context that our work has focused on the development of an energy conversion technology that effectively uses little-used agricultural residues (cotton stalks, bare corn cobs, rice husks, etc.). This device is a multifunction family furnace that produces biochar for soil amendment and provides alternative energy for household needs. The physical and mathematical modeling of the oven based on the nodal method whose equations were solved by implicit finite differences allowed to describe its thermal behavior. K-type thermocouples were used for the experimental study to validate the mathematical model. Indeed, the pyrolysis temperature of the bare corn cobs is on average 450 °C. The model allowed us to show that the thickness of the pyrolysis chamber influences the pyrolysis temperature and reduces the pyrolysis time. For a thickness of 8 cm of the pyrolysis chamber, the average pyrolysis time is 1 hour 30 minutes. The study also showed that the variation of the ambient temperature does not influence the pyrolysis temperature. Moreover, the thickness of the insulation chamber affects the external wall temperature but not the pyrolysis temperature.

Sample pretreatment methods, such as separation / preconcentration prior to the determination of metal ions have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate and precise measurements at extremely low levels of ions in diverse matrices. The development of new sorbents and their application in preconcentration methods for determination of trace analytes is subject of great interest. This review summarizes and discusses several analytical methods involving the preparation and use of new solid phase extractant. A literature survey of the last ten years offering a critical review of these new sorbents available for use in trace analyte enrichment is provided.

Students’ satisfaction has become an essence of success in today’s highly competitive world. In service industry specifically the education industry, communication is vital to determine students’ satisfaction. Past researches indicated that, most meaning of conversational messages comes from non-verbal communication. Therefore, this study intended to examine the relationship of non-verbal communication cues to students’ satisfaction. A total of 300 respondents were sampled from all around UiTM Kedah. They were evaluated on their perception on lecturers’ non-verbal communication behavior that would lead to their satisfaction to the services provided. The results of the study illustrate that three of the non-verbal communication cues were significant and positively related to students’ satisfaction. Kinesics and paralanguage was rated as among the non-verbal communication cues that provided the most impact on students’ satisfaction. However the result also indicated that there was no significant relationship between physical appearances of the lecturers to the students’ satisfaction. Overall, students’ in UiTM Kedah are fairly satisfied with the non-verbal communication cues of the lecturers. The present study caters for a wide spectrum of students and development professionals, especially those who are interested in non-verbal communication related issues. It is highly hoped that the information gleaned from the present study may assist all service employees specifically in understanding better, the importance of non-verbal communication and its effects on students’ satisfaction.