Archives-December 

The regular maintenance of the fields and harvesting of the pods had in itself made it possible to maintain a good sanitary state of the Congolese plantations. Black rot and mirid diseases were still under control at that time. The plantations managed by the planters under the supervision of the "CABEN" Company, Cacaoyère de Bengamisa, were well maintained and monitored. However, in recent years, farmers, especially those in the Bengamisa cocoa zone, have observed their production to be declining.In order to accurately determine the level of this disease in this zone, where abnormal production losses have been reported, observations were carried out in the cocoa farms at the Kisangani, Kapalata and Yangambi posts in the Banalia Territory in the Democratic Republic of Congo "DRC".Weekly passages during which pods affected by black rot and healthy pods were counted revealed very high and increasing levels of infection over two successive harvest seasons (2018 and 2019) (i.e. a growth rate of 17.5 in Kisangani, 14.08 in Kapalata and 9.25 in Yangambi). These rates are similar to those recorded in countries where Phytophtora megakarya, a species known for its aggressiveness, regularly occurs. This serious disease becomes more important in 2019, which evokes the evolution of the latter from year to year. However, it remains understood that the environmental conditions created by the demotivation of coffee and cocoa growers from 1980 onwards, combined with the lack of maintenance of orchards, would have favoured a rapid emergence of black rot. Lasiodiplodia theobromae is becoming a major constraint to cocoa production in DRC. This study is the first to report the effects of L. theobromae causing the decline of cocoa pods in DRC.

This study assesses the impact of urbanization on the Jakara stream channel - a semi arid area that has received little attention. The proportion of the catchment under impervious cover was determined along the Jakara catchment using black and white air photographs taken in 1961and 1981 satellite imagery of 1987, 1995 and 2006. These were used together with land use maps, road maps and layout plans and ground truthing. Consistent and significant differences in the sites were demonstrated in bankfull width, depth, cross section and wetted perimeter. Channel density increased by 28.6% due to storm sewers, culverts and other runoff removal. About 99 percent of the Jakara channel banks in the urban reach and 30 percent n the semi urban reach are artificially reinforced to prevent channel widening by bank erosion. In addition, residential and commercial landowners filled the channel margins to increase property acreage. Physical channel structure has changed from a pool/riffle sequence to a uniform pattern. Results obtained here show that there are major alterations to the morphology of drainage systems. They need to be taken into account to better understand the hydrologic response of anthropogenic basins, and to improve the modeling, planning and design of sub-urban and urban areas. Finally, a series of advantages of this approach are also discussed.

This contribution aims to validate a newly developed add-on module to a commercial simulation software, which enables the prediction of the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum cast alloys under different casting conditions. The simulation of the casting process and the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties, permits a reduction of experimental testing and providing the best solution of process and material selections, thereby making the design and development process more cost efficient. The simulation results are compared with the investigation of the micro structural and mechanical behaviors of an As-Cast Aluminum cylinder head processed by semi permanent gravity die casting. It is demonstrated that the predictions made by the simulations are comparable to the experimental results. In order to further enhance the quality of the simulation tool, it is of significance to gain more experience from comparisons with complex castings of different aluminum alloys, where the microstructure as well as the mechanical properties are carefully evaluated.

In the changing world, today's complex and competitive, successful and effective organizations that can provide a variety of factors to create the demand, among the factors governing the ability of employees and corporate culture of an organization has a special place in Kermanshah. The data collection questionnaire to measure organizational culture, organizational culture Hafstd 43 items (1990) and to assess the ability of the questionnaire, 12 questions, capability Asprytzr (1996) is used. Hypothesis test to By Spearman correlation test were positive and significant relationship was demonstrated in total, meaning that the result-oriented and component principle easy to control the hardware capabilities.

Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) also called as benign mixed tumour is the most common tumour of salivary glands. Intraoral presentation of tumour is comparatively rare with more chances of malignancy. Wide surgical excision with adequate margins is the most preferred mode of management. Histopathological analysis is essential for confirmatory diagnosis. A 62 year old female patient reported with chief complaint of a growth on right side of the throat since 6 years. Growth has gradually increased in size, painless but has difficulty in swallowing because of the same. Examination revealed a growth in relation to junction of hard and soft palate mostly on right side which is firm in consistency and non tender. Growth was excised with primary closure under General anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed the case to be pleomorphic adenoma.Pleomorphic adenoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of palatal swellings. As the lesion has a tendency for malignancy, careful evaluation of history, examination, histology and follow up is advised.

This paper presents the precolonial Nandi marriage system and household relationships upto the colonial epoch. The study examined the indigenous Nandi family, polygamous Nandi household setup, extended family, the clan, incest, and sexual relationships, responsibilities and rights of household members. It also analyzed the relationships of production, reproduction and distribution, and an analysis of their built forms and settlement.

Water scarcity and drought are the main constraints of crop production. Many technologies have been developed to cope with this environmental problem. So improve crop production under limited amount of available water is a measure issue to maximize the return by unit of water (water productivity). To achieve the aforementioned objectives, two field experiments were carried out in the Experimental Farm of National Research Centre Shalkan Kalubia during the winter seasons of 2006/ 2007 and 2007/2008 to study the effect of seed inoculation with (phosphorine and cerealine) on the yield and yield components of some barley cultivars (Giza 126, Giza 130 and Giza 2000) subjected to water stress at different stages of growth (at tillering or milk- ripe stage), Data indicate that, water stress at any stage of growth (tillering or milk- ripe stage) depress most of the studied yield and yield attributes .Such effect was pronounced when barley plants were subjected to water deficit at milk- ripe stage. Dual application of biofertilizer (phosphorine and cerealine) improved yield and yield attributes of barley plants as compared with un-inoculated plants. The data also show that biofertilizers inoculation alleviate the adverse effect of water stress on barley yield. The results indicated that Giza 126 produced the highest grain yield and seed index

Three different good mood food cereals or breakfast cereals viz; Cornflakes, Dalia and Oats were analyzed for different physic-chemical properties. The ash and protein content of three different breakfast cereals does not vary significantly with each other while moisture content showed significant difference. The protein content of Dalia and Oats does not vary with each other, however both varied significantly with Cornflakes. The crude fiber of Cornflakes and Oats differs significantly with each other Based on organoleptic evaluation by semi-trained panelists; the appearance of all the three breakfast cereals does not vary significantly with each other. Overall acceptability of all the three breakfast cereals does not vary with each other.

This work is focused on the purification of soap factory wastewaters by a combined system planted of emerged macrophytes. The exploitation of this combined system planted reveals substantial results after twenty weeks of the purification of wastewater. Neutralization of the pH of filtered water and its cooling. Almost all suspended matter is removed (95%) from the filtered waters. Significant reductions in ammonium (75%) and nitrite (69%) contents are observed. Using this combined system planted, high removal rates of orthophosphates (56%) and anionic surfactants (81%) are obtained. The removal rate of organic matter is about 76% in BOD5 and 42% in COD.

Organizational researchers have long debated the meaning and consequences of organizational culture but the relationship between culture and organizational performance is still not well understood. Organizational culture is the collective behavior of humans who are part of an organization and the meanings that the people attach to their actions. Culture includes the organization values, visions, norms, working language, systems, symbols, beliefs and habits. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on the relationship between transformational leadership among elementary school teachers. In present study, five organizational culture aspects devised by Hafstede are used and their relations with leadership are measured. This is a survey – type descriptive research and data collection method is field study by using questionnaire. On this basis, 150 questionnaires were used in analyses from total among elementary school teachers in Kermanshah. Canonical correlations indicated “a modernly high relationship between leadership and organizational culture. The author found that the cultural elements of accomplishment, recognition, and affiliation tend to be positively correlated with all aspects of transformational leadership. The findings supported that transformational leadership practices are positively correlated with a constructive organizational culture, and that transformational leadership practices predict organizational culture. The results of this study will ensure confidence in the practice of employing and developing transformational leaders so that an innovative and constructive organizational culture, vital for organizational survival in the 21st century, could be Accomplished. The advantages of a constructive organizational culture transcend financial outcomes such as return on investment and profitability.