Archives-December 

The water budget, constituent budget and flushing model of Oguta Lake were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), digital meters and standard equations. Results revealed that the total annual water inflow into the lake is about 29,461,800m3 while the total annual outflow is about 13,476,300m3 which implies a water storage of 16,185,500m3/year. The investigation further revealed that about 87.6% of the total water inflow into the lake comes from channel flow from Rivers Njaba, Utu and Awbana while about 70.2% of the water outflow is from channel outflow. Similarly, there seems to be continuous loading of constituents into the lake but at a very low rate; the low loading rate is actually attributed to the moderately high flushing rate of constituents in the lake. Total alkalinity has the highest loading rate (0.40 mgl-1/year) while phosphate has the lowest (0.003 mgl-1/year). The results also showed that the highest annual maximally flushed constituent in the lake is bicarbonate while the lowest is magnesium. The lake witnessed low influx of nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and dissolved silica) during the study period thus indicating low level of eutrophication. Excessive flushing rate can cause nutrient imbalance and this can alter the resource status and usefulness of the lake. In conclusion, the constituent budget and flushing model of the Oguta lake are therefore favorable for water supply , irrigation activities and fisheries development.

The kidney transplant is above all a social project, based on a gift of generosity and solidarity. The specific activity of kidney transplantation from a living donor requires close collaboration between clinicians and biologists.Living-donor renal transplants are further characterized as genetically related (living-related) or non-related (living-unrelated) transplants, depending on whether a biological relationship exists between the donor and recipient.It’s the interest of this review with in the last part the path of the donor and the recipient for a possible kidney transplant with a donor living in the renal transplant department at the military hospital of Rabat.

Corrosion is a natural process, which converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. The most common kinds of corrosion result from electrochemical reactions. It can be prevented if the metal is coated with something which does not allow moisture and oxygen to react with it. It can be controlled by either alloying or by anti rust solutions. The naturally occurring plant products are eco-friendly, compatible, nonpolluting, less toxic, easily available, biodegradable and economic to be used as corrosion inhibitor.Euphorbia caducifolia has been selected to study its corrosion inhibition efficiency. It is easily available in any season. It is native to Thar Desert of India and located on rocky terrain, hills. It is used for treatment of bleeding wound, cutaneous eruption, urinary problems, kidney stones, rheumatic pain, bronchitis, jaundice, diabities, stomach pain, hernia etc. It is also called “Thor” and “Danda-thor”. It contains caudicifolin) norcycloartane type triterpene, cyclocaducinol, triterpenes euphol, tirucallol and cycloartenol. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of arial parts of Euphorbia caducifolia was studied for aluminium in HNO3. Maximum inhibition efficiency was found 92.17% in 1N HNO3 acid with 0.8% leaf corrosion inhibitor whereas it was 90.53% for stem and 89.94% for flower with same concentration of inhibitor i.e. 0.8%. Inhibition efficiency was studied in different concentration of acid (1N, 1.5N, 2N and 2.5N) with different concentration of inhibitor (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%). Weight loss and thermometric methods were used. Inhibition efficiency was found to be increase with increase in concentration of inhibitor and decrease with increase in acid strength.

This paper mainly explain the lowering of band gap energy of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (3.263eV) than their bulk counterparts (3.37 eV), which indicate the high conductivity than the bulk ZnO powder. Zn1-xLixO, Zn1-xNaxO and Zn1-xKxO (where x= 0.005, 0.01, 0.015 and 0.02 M for all dopants) doped ZnO nanoparticles and their solution was then characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer. All concentration of Li+ doped ZnO nanoparticles was more narrowing the band gap of the undoped ZnO nanoparticles than Na+ and K+ doped ZnO nanoparticles. Both the size and concentration of dopants were affecting the band gap energy of ZnO nanoparticles. As the concentration and ionic radii of the dopants increases the optical band gap energy was also increasing. So the highest band gap energy was obtained by 0.015 and 0.02M K+ doped ZnO nanoparticles.

A code smell is a hint or the description of a symptom that something has gone wrong somewhere in your code. These are commonly occurring patterns in source code that indicate poor programming practice or code decay. The presence of code smells can have a severe impact on the quality of a program, i.e. making system more complex, less understandable and cause maintainability problem. Herein, an automated tool have been developed that can rectify code smells present in the source code written in java, C# and C++ to support quality assurance of software. Also, it computes complexity, total memory utilized/wastage, maintainability index of software. In this research paper an approach used for the design and implementation of testing tool for code smell rectification is discussed and is validated on three different projects.

The concentration of lead, nickel, magnesium, copper and chromium in ground water resources across sapele local government area were assessed in other to ascertain if their concentration show conformity to world health organization (WHO) stipulated standard. In this study, fifty ground water samples were collected randomly across the study area. The result obtained shows that nickel, chromium, copper ranges from 0.90 – 1.00, BDL – 0.06, 0.30 – 1.40, BDL – 0.15GML-1 respectively while lead was below detection limits. The result when matched with world health organization standard revealed that the water are portable.

In this work, the zinc oxide (ZnO) and dioxide titanium (TiO?) thin film were prepared by using the method of spry pyrolsis chemical with different thickness on glass substrate at temperature of 60º C. Thees different thickness of the deposited films were measured by using mass approximations weighting different method. The thickness for Tio? films are (3.1, 0.24, 0.12)?m and for ZnO films (3.5, 4)?m. The samples coated have been irradiated by gamma ray to 21.5 kGy dose from Co-60 source. The optical properties such as the absorbance spectrum, transmittance, reflectance, and optical constant (absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refraction index and coefficient finesse with different thickness as function wave length of films but energy gap and urbach energy as function photon energy) were studied before and after irradiation dose. From experimental work show that the color of these films were changed after irradiated, at the result all optical properties spectra thin films changed with different thicknesses. The absorption, reflectance absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, coefficient finesse are increases after irradiation but the transmission, urbach energy and energy gap decreases after dose for all thicness of TiO2 films. Whereas absorption and absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient increases after irradiation for thiknsss of ZnO thin films but reflectance, transmission, refractive index, coefficient finesse urbach energy and energy gap decreases after dose for Zno. These effect of optical properties may be due to change of structure properties for Tio2, Zno thin films after irradiated.

Field experiments were conducted during kharif seasons of 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen management nutrient uptake, quality, economics and soil fertility of pearlmillet under rainfed conditions. Applications of 50% RDN through FYM + 50% through urea, 80% RDN through vermicompost + 20% through urea and 25% RDN through FYM + 75% through urea were found the most superior and equally effective treatments in terms of total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, protein content in grain, grain yield, net returns and B:C ratio. Significantly, higher total uptake of nitrogen (66.73 kg/ha), phosphorus (14.48 kg/ha) and potassium (97.16 kg/ha), protein content in grain (11.83%), grain yield (2.22 t/ha) net returns ( 11169/ha) and B:C ratio (1.95) were recorded where 50% RDN through FYM + 50% through urea was applied. Whereas, application of 100% RDN through FYM was proved most superior treatment for improvement in post experiment soil fertility by increased soil organic carbon, N, P and K content

This study presents an experimental investigation on self-compacting concrete with two mineral admixtures such as silica fume and fly ash. With low water-binder ratio, we had achieved higher grade of self-compacting concrete. The water-binder ratio was maintained to 0.36 for all the SCC mixes. This research includes the following studies: (i) Develop a suitable design mix for SCC that would satisfies all the acceptance criteria of EFNARC (ii) A study has been made for the rheology properties of SCC.The main requirements of fresh properties of SCC are filling ability, passing ability, and high segregation resistance, which can be investigated by slump flow, T50 slump flow, J ring, V-funnel, L box test. (iii) concrete samples were casted and tested for its compressive strength and Young’s modulus. The results show that SCC with 10% of SF gives higher values of compressive strength than those with 15% of FA.

This study focuses on some environmental effect of gas flaring on both soil pH and pH value of rain water in River State, Nigeria. Samples at different proximities from the gas flare locations were recorded. Measurements and experimentations were carried out. Parameters studied at each location included Rain-water pH and soil pH measurement. Result shows a trend as all the parameters considered showed a clear difference away from the flare point in all the stations such as the pH changing from Extreme acid (3.6 - 4.5) to Moderately alkaline (7.9 - 8.5) away from the flare points. The values of all parameters under investigation were above acceptable limit. These show clearly that the inhabitants of these communities are highly polluted. This research recommends that gas flaring should be stopped and that the flared gas should be channeled to meeting the ever increasing demand for energy in the Nigerian sector economy and Nigeria should embrace environmental laws and policies in order to adapt to the changing environment.