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Our paper is divided into two parts compression technique and block matching algorithms. Set Partitioning in Hierarchal Trees (SPIHT) and Spatial orientation tree Wavelet (STW ) are Compression technique and Adaptive Rood Pattern Search is a block matching algorithm. Usually medical images are generated from different –different image diagnostic centers. For fast transmission, reception and to reduce the storage capacities we do compression with better picture quality. SPIHT and STW are compared in terms of Compression ratio (CR) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) .For better Compression Ratio and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio we used STW and SPIHT respectively. ARPS consumed less Time among all other existing algorithms.

Ground nut seed beetle is a serious pest of ground nut in stored condition. Thirteen ground nut cultivars were selected to study their resistance and susceptibility to Caryedon serratus in the laboratory at 70% RH and 28 ? 1°C. The physical characters of ground nut pod like length and breadth of pod, pod colour, pod size, pod weight, pod texture, shell thickness were directly influencing intensity of the attack of ground nut beetle. Pod circumference of g.nut were varied from 3.44 to 4.38 cm. Variety having thicker shell are resistant to the pest.

The overview of the paper is to give an idea of prescription drug labeling in United States. Prescription drug labeling helps in making labels more user friendly and which is an immediate and important source of medication information for patients. Although patients may obtain useful information from prescription drug labeling, its main purpose is to give healthcare professionals the information they need to prescribe drugs appropriately to the patients. FDA focused its effort on making labeling more informative and easy-to-read and minimize patient confusion and promote patient awareness on how to use a prescribed medicine safely and effectively, thereby reducing risk of medication error. The new drug labeling requirements was initially applied to recently approved prescription drugs and the drugs that received approval for new use, and later it was applied in gradually to other drugs. As per the new format, the prescription information for newly approved products must meet specific graphical requirements, including the reorganization of critical information so that physicians can find the information quickly. It may conclude in outlining the new format, which is helpful to understand exactly what a prescription drug labeling is in U.S.

Two essential oils bearing plants (Eucalyptus camadulensis and Eucalyptus citriodora leaves) were investigated for their nutraceutical properties. Results showed the percentage proximate composition of E.citriodora and E. camadulensis as ; moisture (4.32 and 4.11), ash (2.26 and 4.15), crude fibre (16.74 and 16.55), crude fat (3.87 and 3.96), crude protein (5.26 and 7.13), and carbohydrate (84.29 and 80.64), respectively while the level of the mineral elements are; potassium (1.42 % and 1.53 %), calcium (2.72 % and 2.5 %), manganese (0.24 ppm and 0.26 ppm), iron (0.81 ppm and 0.42 ppm) and copper (0.03 ppm and 0.034 ppm). Nickel and Zinc were not detected in E.citriodora but present in E.camadulensis (0.003 ppm, 0.05 ppm) respectively. The samples fixed oils were analyzed for fatty acid concentration by gas chromatography. The percentage saturation, monounsaturation and polyunsaturation of E. citriodora are; 40.85, 37.79, 21.36 while that of E.camadulensis are; 41.83, 36.35, 21.20 respectively. The fatty acid composition of the two species contains a healthy mixture of all the types of fatty acids.

This study investigated factors that contributed stress and the level of occupational stress among the technical teachers who are currently teaching in technical schools in Johore, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan. There were five teacher stress sources that included in this study: pupil misbehaviour, teacher workload, time and resources difficulties, interpersonal relationships, and recognition. A total of 92 teachers (N = 92) from nine technical schools in three states, which are Johore, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan were choosed randomly to represent the population by using the cluster over cluster method. The instrument for this study was adapted from the Teacher Stress Inventory constructed by Boyle, Borg, Falzon and Baglioni (1995) and had been modified by Mokhtar (1998) and Mazlan (2002). A pilot survey was done among 20 technical teachers in a technical school in Johore Bahru. The alpha croncbach for the instrument in this study was 0.982. The data were analyzed using both despcriptive (mean, frequency, and percentage) and inferency (Independent t-Test, Pearson Correlation, and One Way ANOVA) methods. Data analysis indicated that the overall stress level of respondent was moderate. Among the five stressors, pupil misbehaviour was the strongest determinant of teacher stress with a mean of 3.67. Other factors were teacher workload (mean = 3.00), time and resources difficulties (mean = 2.97), recognition (mean = 2.90), and interpersonal relationships (mean = 2.85) respectively. The workload and other factors had caused a moderate stress on the respondents. The results indicated that there was no significant difference of work stress among the respondent based on gender, marriage status, and highest academic qualification. Furthermore, the results were failed to indicate a significant correlation between teacher stress and demographic factors such as age, length of teaching experience, and the respondents’ monthly salary.

Occupational stress according to the current World Health Organization's (WHO) definition "is the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope”. While planning for stress intervention a combination of organizational change and client centered stress management is often the most useful approach for preventing stress at work. Both organizations and employees can employ strategies at organizational and individual levels. This article tries to provide conceptual understanding on occupational stress and effectiveness of occupational stress interventions with trying to provide evidence for the effectiveness of stress interventions.

Nowadays, there are innumerable innovative technologies are emerging in the era of image processing and pattern recognition field. One of the challenging and interesting fields of research in image processing and pattern recognition is the “Optical Character Recognition”. Genetic algorithm is class of evolutionary algorithm which is based on the ideas of natural selection and natural genetic system. Genetic algorithm is an impartial optimization algorithm which makes parameter selection in an optimized way so as to obtain the global optimum. Devnagari script is very popular script in India for Marathi, Hindi, Nepali, Sanskrit, Konkani etc. In past few years, the enormous amount of innovations in research work related to the character recognition of printed as well as handwritten documents is established for numerous types of scripts. But the accuracy of recognition will not provide the satisfactory results. The genetic algorithm is used for optimizing the classification error and also improving the recognition rates. So, this is an attempt of improving the accuracy and optimizing the classification error by introducing the genetic algorithm for feature extraction as well as the classification for the handwritten devnagari script.

A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme offers high spectral efficiency and better resistance to fading environments. In OFDM the data is modulated using multiple number of sub-carriers that are orthogonal to each other because of which the problems associated with other modulation schemes such as Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) are reduced. This paper deals with the analysis of OFDM System utilising different modulation techniques (QAM and BPSK) over Rayleigh, Rician and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) fading environments with the use of pilot aided arrangement and finally the results are conveyed.

The phenotypic analysis and correlations of the eggs laid by black-skinned and white-skinned ectotypes of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata var. saturalis) in Calabar, Nigeria were evaluated. Two hundred (200) snails, One hundred (100) each of black-skinned and white-skinned ectotype were used to generate eggs used for this study. The snails were divided into two mating groups, black-skinned x black-skinned and white-skinned x white-skinned. The results of the study on phenotypic traits of the eggs revealed a high significant (P<0.05) mean number of egg, mean egg weight, mean egg length and mean egg width between the black-skinned and white-skinned ectotypes. The variations in mean egg traits between the two ectotypes in this study may indicate variation in genetic composition of the snails. The results of correlation among the egg traits revealed positive and highly significant phenotypic correlation (rp) within egg traits for the two ectotypes studied. The correlation could suggest that there are direct relationships between the traits, and that selection for one trait will lead to improvement in the other trait. It is recommended that intensive production and domestication of black-skinned be carried out since it seems to have high production rate to meet the animal protein supply of the populace then the white-skinned. This is due to its larger size.

We are very happy to announce that from 29th August 2011, Prof.Sundarsingh has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on English. Prof Sundarsingh is currently working at Department of English, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India. The appointment of Prof Sundarsingh as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief