Archives-December  

Due to the development of new techniques for generating and collecting data, the rate of growth of scientific databases has become large, which creates both a need and an opportunity to extract implicit knowledge to analyze these datasets. Analysis of such large expression data gives rise to a number of new computational challenges not only due to the increase in no. of data objects but also due to the increase in no of attributes. Hence to improve the efficiency and accuracy of mining task on high dimensional data, the data must be preprocessed by an efficient dimensionality reduction method. In this paper, we have proposed a Rough Genetic Approach for high-dimensional data clustering. Initially an efficient method of Rough Set Theory has been applied on the discritized data set to generate a reduced set of relevant attributes. Then, it is proposed to use the Genetic Algorithm for finding the cluster index of the dataset with reduced attribute which may give better clustering accuracy than other clustering techniques.

Various diseases of the oral cavity can be diagnosed from the oral fluids. Such diagnosis can be imagined because our medical field has progressed in many ways. One of the major progress can be visualized in the area of detection of diseases using saliva. The important diagnostic materials present in saliva such as salivary biomarkers, not only guide in the detection of oral diseases but can be used to evaluate the systemic diseases. This article is a review of the earlier studies which discusses about the different kind of biomarkers present in saliva and their role in diagnosing various diseases and conditions. Therefore, saliva is the promising aid in the diagnosis of chronic periodontal disease1

Although modernhuman believes that beliefs and thoughts of the early human based on which their life spent and related they their life to these beliefs are superstitions and the result of lack of awareness, knowledge and culture, in unconscious mind, these symbols are connected to his/her basic beliefs. In this way, today, there are reliefs in all cultures by which human dealt throughout the history and they had specific meaning in each era and beliefs of early humans evolved as symbols in the life of modern human and they change in accordance with the culture and thought of each era. With a quick look to historical, literal and artistic works, we find out that the figures of lion have important position in decorative arts of Iran either before or after Islamin various periods of Iranian culture. Concepts in astronomy and religious concepts of ancient and Islamic Iran are reflected in literature of Iran which are mixed with the roots of Persian poetry including works of Rumi, Hafez and Ferdowsi and or as an important symbol in illustration of great Shahnamehs of Iranian artistic eras such as Safavid age which is the golden age of Iranian art. This symbol is the most ignored symbols which remained unknown in our era despite of its historical greatness and archaism and is neglected. Iranian lion symbol to which sun is added historically, is registered in United Nations as one of the three medical symbol along with red crescent and red cross. Today, it is stated that this symbol is being replaced by red star o Israel. The aim of this work is to recognize and extract this symbol in Iranian thought before and after Islam. Each art in which an artwork is created must have an inextricable tie with culture and thought. Iranian artist must investigate this cultural background and utilize its concepts and values for culture- creation in his/ her artworks. The method of data collection in this research is through studying documents available in libraries and investigation of the symbol of lion using observation and library methods. In this way, various references are used and the type of research is historical, descriptive and analytical.

In this paper, we introduced Samarandache-2-algebraic structure of Soft Neutrosophic Near-ring namely Smarandache –Soft Neutrosophic Near-ring. A Samarandache-2-algebraic structure on a set N means a weak algebraic structure S1 on N such that there exist a proper subset M of N, Which is embedded with a stronger algebraic structure S2 ,stronger algebraic structure means satisfying more axioms, that is S1 << S2 ,by proper subset one can understand a subset different from the empty set, from the unit element if any , from the Whole set. We define Smarandache - Soft Neutrosophic Near-ring and construct its algorithms through soft neutrosophic (H,A) – subgroup,soft neutrosophic ideal,soft neutrosophic bi-ideal,soft neutrosophic quasi-ideal.For basic concept of near-ring we refer to G.Pilz and for soft neutrosophic algebraic structure we refer to Muhammed Shabir ,Mumtaz Ali,Munazza Naz, and Florentin Smarandache.

Many of the previous research studies on innovation tend to focus on process and product (technological) innovations. It is, however, interesting to note that Organisational and Marketing Innovations (OMIs) could be the necessary prerequisites to optimally utilise and deploy such technological innovations. This study proposes Organisational Ambidexterity as a necessary antecedent to develop the firm’s OMI capabilities. For firms to remain competitive and adaptive to a continuous change in the business environment, Organisational Ambidexterity has been noted to be a necessary attribute, but research on ambidexterity at individual level of analysis is limited. The study intends to develop a framework that promotes effective innovation through shop floor employees’ contributions to Organisational Ambidexterity, OMIs capabilities of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

LiMn2O4 has been explored as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The usual method to produce LiMn2O4 has been the solid state reaction process. We report the synthesis of spinel phase lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) nanoparticles through a template-free starch-glycine assisted solution combustion synthesis (SCS). The method is a single step method. The resultant powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques, which were studied in details to observe the structural and electrochemical properties.

The paper unveils that conversations among the students were characterized by complex exchange of statement of facts, or ideas which often conveyed via the device of declarative. Also, the participants engaged in requests, commands, exclamations and questions. These clause types convey the speakers’ mood using the modal verbs. Modal verbs were used to assess speakers’ attitude towards their propositions. The data for the paper was gotten from live debates produced by Sri Lankan secondary school students. The speeches were taped and transcribed into written variants so as to analyze it. English modals are so complex as they posed difficulty in their comprehension especially to English as a second/foreign language speakers. The polyfunctionality of modal markers seemed to be motivated by the Sri Lankan secondary school students’ discourse community norms, conventions, goals and the grammar of English which were strategized by the speakers’ communicative styles. The participants demonstrated their linguistic proficiencies through mechanisms of unassertiveness, and persuasion so as to avoid total commitments to a particular point of view which they expressed. Overwhelmingly, the paper revealed that declarative clause was utilized.

This study seeks to achieve a complete elucidation of structures of unknown Eudesmane sesquiterpenes from their 13C values. The 13C values for each of the fifteen (15) positions of the skeletons of the Eudesmane compounds were predicted using Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN). From the predicted 13C values, GRNN and Scatter Plot methods were used to predict the substituents attached to each position on the skeleton of the Eudesmane compounds. Recognition of the test compounds ranged between 40 and 100%. GRNN and Scatter plots demonstrated great potential for use in the structural elucidation of unknown compounds from 13C values.

Jhelum is the main source of livelihood in the valley. It has been marred by extensive siltation in the past few decades. In absence of conservative measures, the river has lost its carrying capacity. The routing capacity of the Flood Spill Channel which starts from Padshahi Bagh and flows in Srinagar outskirts towards north Kashmir has got reduced to less than 4000 cusecs due to siltation and encroachment over the years. The drainage capacity of the River Jhelum and that of Flood Spill Channel has significantly reduced over time due to massive siltation and because dredging has not kept pace with the rate of siltation . The loss of wetlands that use to absorb water during the floods has resulted in increase in hydrograph peak. As a result Jhelum swells up quickly after just 100mm of rainfall in the catchment, spread over more than 8000 km2. Presently, Jhelum’s maximum water carrying capacity is 60000 cusecs in south Kashmir. In Srinagar city , this capacity is to be restored to 35000 cusecs. The remaining 25000 cusecs is to be diverted through the flood spill channel, whose discharge capacity is also proposed to be increased. As observed in 2014, the discharge recorded in main Jhelum at Sangam was of the order of 1.2 lakh cusecs i.e. double the maximum carrying capacity of river. 60000 cusecs can be mitigated only when spill channel from Padshahibagh to Sopore could carry 25000 cusecs.and main River course, especially through Srinagar city, could take 35000 cusecs. The mitigation of balance 60000 cusecs is the burning problem. Studies on strategic flood management of river Jhelum through tunnel from Dogripora (sangam) to czhal (boniyar) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, India as an alternative has been considered in the current studies. From the conclusion, it can be ascertained that a extra quantum of water can easily be diverted and floods like 2014 can be avoided

Nigeria was ranked 14th in global assessment of under-five mortality rate due to infants poor nutrition. (The Punch 2011) The Wheat, genus Triticum, tribe,Triticeae family, is limiting in lysine but has adequate amount of sulphur-containing amino acids (Adeyeye & Aye 2005).The cultivation of Triticum durum yields well in Nigeria. It is mainly consumed by adults who eatit in bread and other pastries (The Compass 2011).There have been cases of hypersensitive response to wheat gluten causing celiac disease which in children, prompts symptoms like bloating, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation (Nagano et al., 2003). During fermentation some microorganic enzymes hydrolyze and degrade wheat gluten by almost 80% making it hypoallergenic thus preventing the celiac disease (2007 www; mhtml fermented wheat protein and Gluten intolerance/Love to know Assessed on 6/10/2011). Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L) Walp.):the black-eyed variety called drum is widely cultivated in Nigeria. It is limiting in methionine. The dry beans is cooked without prior fermentation or dehullingand because the whole beans are unsuitable for infants, the broth or soup of the cooked beans may contain high levels of tannins and phytates extracted from the seed coats of colored beans during cooking thisis served the infants resulting in poor protein digestibility, diarrhea, as the liquid portion (Lyimo et al., 1992). Phytates and tannin are responsible for the low availability of calcium, zinc, iron magnesium and poor protein digestibility from cereals and some leguminous foods.