Archives-December  

This paper describes the synthesis of Copper oxide nanostructures by a simple cost effective hydrothermal process. The structural analysis reveals that CuO exhibits a monoclinic crystal structure. A variety of other techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron microscopy and dielectric analysis were done to study the optical, morphological and electrical characteristics of the nanomaterial.

Lead is a heavy metal which has been termed as a harmful, poisonous metal. Lead toxicity is a common cause in Man and also animals especially cattle. Neurological diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, anaemia or male infertility are few examples of the harm that lead can do. In India, use of lead in toothpaste is regulated by Bureau of Indian Standards(BIS). Permissible level of lead in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpaste is 20 ppm (0.002%) according to BIS and 5 ppm (0.0005%) under the British Standard. In this study, fifteen toothpastes available on the Indian market were analysed for lead content which includes six brands namely Close up, Colgate, Dabur, Himalaya, Pepsodent and Sensodyne. Sensodyne was found to have a level above the proposed limits set by BIS and the British Standard.

The present paper addresses politeness strategies used by young adults in Kenyan Universities to replace linguistically tabooed words and phrases related to sex. The main aim of this paper is to guide users on appropriate linguistic strategies to use when confronted with linguistic taboos. The study adopted Brown and Levinson’s Politeness theory (1978) to analyze 11 examples. The study revealed that youths in Kenyan universities employ a variety of politeness strategies to avoid linguistic taboos related to sexuality. The findings could be used to improve current intervention measures on youth’s risky sexual behaviors.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione dismutase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSSH) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. Study Design: Case control study Place & Duration: Department of Medicine, Jinnah Post Graduate and Medical Centre, JPMC, Karachi from October 2013 to February 2014 Subjects & Methods: 50 normal adult controls and 70 newly diagnosed T2DM were included as per criteria. Blood samples were collected for analysis of blood glucose; HbA1c, MDA, SOD, GPX, CAT and GSSH. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis (p- ? 0.05). Results: MDA was significantly elevated in diabetics 5.9 ± 1.9 compared to controls 4.7± 2.8 µmol/ml respectively (p=0.01) and anti oxidant enzymes- SOD, GPX, CAT and GSSH were reduced in diabetics compared to controls (p=0.0001) Glycated HbA1c and Blood glucose (R) showed positive association with MDA (r = 0.355 and p= 0.026). Conclusion: The serum MDA levels were observed significantly high in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics with low anti oxidant enzymes. Antioxidants may be prescribed to newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics to halt the vascular complications. Key words: Malondialdehyde Superoxide dismutase Glutathione peroxidase Catalase Glycated HbA1 Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

One of the framework which could be utilized in management development is management competencies. This approach have focused the attention of researchers in recognition to key competencies for managers which have believed that the deep study of managerial competencies opens the road for development & enrichment of organization’ management. From mid-1980, the managerial competency development caught the interest of organization, the reason for such desire was the belief that managerial competency development have many benefits for organizations and this belief still stands (Ghaffarian, 2000:71). Pedagogy & selection of mangers and leaders is the most problematic issue for cotemporary progressive organizations. What kind of qualifications must a manager have(Abraham&Karness, 2001:843( for successful performance of his duties and achieving organizational’ goals(even beyond that)? A definition of qualification is as such: “Qualifications are managerial features which lead to appearance of skills & capabilities that would cause effective performance in any occupational domain; Also, incarnates the capacity for transfer of skills & capabilities from one domain to another”. In this definition, the superior performance means that the individual with specific qualifications is in upper level(Chen, 2004: 105). Competency has various meanings and still has remained as one of the most important term in organizational literature(Robatam , 1999). Based of definition of Boyatzis (1982:23), competency is a constituent in which emphasizes on personal attributes of individuals for achieving his effective job performance. Therefore managerial competencies consist qualities and capabilities of managers which leads to effectiveness of managers in work environment( Voudal 1998:4).

Managing the marketing mix makes marketing seem to easy to handle and organize. Marketing is separated from other activities of the firm and delegated to specialists who take care of the analysis, planning and implementation of various marketing tasks, such as market analysis, marketing planning, advertising, sales promotion, sales, pricing, distribution and product packaging. Marketing departments are created to take responsibility for the marketing function of the firm, sometimes together with outside specialists on, for example, market analysis and advertising. Both in the marketing literature and in everyday marketing vocabulary the expression “marketing department”, and organization unit, is used as a synonym for marketing function, which is the process of taking care of the fulfilment of customer needs and desires. However, the organizational approach inherent in the marketing mix management paradigm is not very useful either. The psychological effect on the rest of the organization of a separate marketing department is, in the long run, often devastating to the development of a customer orientation or market orientation in a firm. A marketing orientation with, for example, high-budget advertising campaigns may be developed, but this does not necessarily have much to do with true market orientation and a real appreciation for the needs and desires of the customers. The existence or introduction of such a department may be a trigger that makes everybody else lose whatever little interest in the customers they may have had. The marketing department approach to organizing the marketing function has isolated marketing from design, production, deliveries, technical service, complaints handling, invoicing and other activities of the firm.

The maximum ground level air concentration from elevated point source over simple terrain is estimated using previous work by Essa et al. (2007). The eddy diffusivities in linear forms are used. The critical of the wind speed, plume height and downwind distance are estimated. The results of the maximum concentrations are applied using meteorological data of a plant stack located in, Inshas, Egypt.

The concentration of radon has been investigated in a university campus in Nigeria to determine the health risk of the workers in the community. Seventy- eight offices were statistically selected for measurement from all the Colleges. Measurements were performed using a passive radon dosimeters comprising (CR-39) solid state nuclear track detector, for a period of six months. The detectors were chemically etched with 6.25 M solution of NaOH at 70oC for 3 hours. The track were manually counted with microscope coupled with charged coupled digital (CCD) camera. Radon concentrations were statically determined. The mean radon concentration and the effective dose obtained in this work were 18.8 Bq m-3 and 0.02 mSv y-1 respectively. The mean value for excess lung cancer risk was estimated to be 0.08 (MPY)-1. When compared with published data and international references, the results obtained in the current study were found to be within the safe limits. Our study also revealed that radon concentrations tend to be higher on the ground floor and reduced with height due air dilution.

Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is a widely used method for depositing thin films of a large variety of advanced materials. Applications of CVD range from the fabrication of microelectronic devices to the deposition of protective coatings but also optoelectronic films, decorative coatings.

The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and FT - Raman spectra of 2, 6-dichlorophenyl isocyanate have been recorded in the liquid state. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and atomic charges have been calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculation (B3LYP) with 6-311+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. Simulated FTIR and FT - Raman spectra for 2, 6-dichlorophenyl isocyanate showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The molecular stability and bond strength were investigated by applying the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and electrostatic potential (ESP). The isotropic chemical shift computed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the 2, 6-dichlorophenyl isocyanate calculated using the gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method also shows good agreement with experimental observations.