Archives-December  

Respiratory disease incidence can be closely associated with designs of windows and lighting aspects in relation to some house structure dimensions. The aim was to compare the levels of respiratory disease incidences with the lighting designs at the study area, namely Gadamoji Division of the hilly Marsabit subcounty, an Arid and Semi-arid area, Kenya. To form a basis for comparison, rural appraisal tools were used to gather domestic health information from which, the position and extent of respiratory conditions were determined. Using similar tools for the same sampling units, data on housing design and lighting design were collected. Data were analysed using comparative techniques. The study categorized four major housing designs, four major designs of indoor lighting systems and three main sources of lighting fuels. Results showed that respiratory disease incidences were higher in traditional households and households which utilized wood fuel and kerosene in can lamps and lanterns respectively.

Square is most likely the first among the urban spaces created by human. It is definite that the more the functional flexibility of square is, the more ability it will have to stimulate people from different ages and levels to come more often there. Unfortunately, removing public activities of the square in modern age has made it lose its main role in encouraging social delight, social- cultural, interaction and social solidarity. Naghsh-e-Jahan square is a trace of worthwhile squares in Iran that its unique role has been neglected because of irresponsible interventions. In the present research, descriptive procedure with case study had been used. People’s priorities have been asset by statistical questionnaires consists of 10 questions. Questionnaires filled out by both locals (n=70) & tourists (n=35) in 2010. According to the criteria research and the results of questionnaires, socio-cultural & physical design recommendations are suggested for the future planning and designs in the square.

This paper aims to integrate Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Digital Image Processing (DIP) techniques for the identification of flood affected areas and flood damage assessment along the Indus River as a result of flood in the year 2005 due to abrupt snow melt in the northern areas of Pakistan. Snow melt in northern areas of Pakistan was the main cause of flooding in the year 2005, using ER Mapper Image Processing software, study of temporal changes of snow cover has also been carried out by calculating the snow cover area in the month of February for different years i.e. 2004, 2005 and 2006 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua and TERRA satellites data. This showed that snow covered areas for the mentioned years were 56203, 67853 and 58642 sq km respectively. Calculations also reveal that the snowfall was maximum in the year 2005. Using satellite images of MODIS for May and July 2005 covering the area along the Indus from Chashma to Sukkur Barrage showed that this flood had caused huge damage in many cities of Punjab and Sindh provinces. Using images pertaining to pre and post-flooding periods, the evaluated flooded area between Chashma Barrage and Sukkur Barrage comes out to be approximately 6428 sq km (excluding the normal flow area which is 1359 sq km).

The present study investigates the relationship between corporate governance profile of acquiring firms and operating performance changes associated with merger and acquisitions in Pakistan. The financial sector mergers and acquisitions have been selected as sample transactions for the period of 1996 to 2008 and two years pre- and post-merger analysis has been conducted by using OLS regression. The estimated results indicated that post-merger operating performance of acquiring firms is positively related to its pre-merger level. Moreover, board size and CEO duality are negatively while board independence, outside dominated boards, and presence of large independent blockholder are positively related to change in post-merger operating performance of acquiring firms in Pakistan. The results were also robust with an alternative dependent variable of change in market value of acquiring firms. The results from replaced dependent variable were found to be more strong and cohesive with corporate governance profile of acquiring firms. Aligned with the existing literature, the study concluded that effective corporate governance mechanism does play its role in aligning the interests of managers with shareholders and enhances value for firms, particularly in large scale transactions of mergers and acquisitions.

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-nitro-o-toluidine (4NOT) were recorded in the region 4000–400 cm?1 and 4000–100 cm?1 respectively. Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers of 4NOT were carried out by density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-31G* and 6-311+G** basis sets. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the fundamentals is very small. The values of the total dipole moment (?) and the first order hyperpolarizability (?) of the compound were investigated. The calculated results show that 4NOT have non-linear optical (NLO) behavior. A detailed interpretation of Infrared and Raman spectra of 4NOT is also reported. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap shows that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method for the molecule.

Teaching is found to be a stressful occupation and educators around the globe are experiencing hi- levels of stress (Dinham, & Scott, 1998; Gmelch, 1993; Kyriacou, 2001). In 2000, Wiley reported that the consequences of job stress can take the form of behavioral characteristics like Disturbing the interpersonal relationships or decrease in the work performance. The study is conducted to find the sources of stress at Higher Education in Punjab. For the Purpose, 289 full-time faculty members were selected to identify the stressors generating high stress from 12 Public and Private Universities of Punjab. The study revealed that the sources of stress vary significantly with respect to Gender. Also, it checks the association & significant difference of faculty job stress with respect to background variables like Age, Designation, salary etc. Finally an analysis on the stress coping strategies was also carried out on the basis of Gender.

The computer revolution is now well advanced, but although we see a starting preparation of computer machines in many forms of work people do, the domain of computers is still significantly small because of the specialized training needed to use them and the lack of intelligence in computer systems. In the history of computer science five generations have passed by, each adding a new innovative technology that brought computers nearer and nearer to the people. Now it is sixth generation, whose prime objective is to make computers more intelligent i.e., to make computer systems that can think as humans. The fifth generation was aimed at using conventional symbolic Artificial Intelligence techniques to achieve machine intelligence. But it failed. Statistical modeling and Neural Networks falls in really sixth generation. The goal of work in Artificial Intelligence is to build the machines that perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence. Its true, but speech recognition, seeing and walking doesn’t require “intelligence”, but human perceptual ability and motor control.

Transduction the alight of God`s essence on special people, and people who believe in it are called hlulyeh or transductionalism. This belief is one of Alhaq significant principles that believe in God`s transduction into seven holy bodies. Transductionalism has been divided into different branches and the oldest person who dealt with spreading these thoughts was Abdullah son of Sbast who believed in Ali`s divinity. In Islamic insight all of viewpoints that to some extent perceive God as an transductioner into natural creatures or into some of people is completely inoperative and off cast and most of mystics and sufis consider it incorrect and in conflict with God`s existence unity, and believe that transduction and dichotomy are dissimilar with unity and this unhallowed belief is originated from Hindi and Zoroastrian religions that has come to verity ethic.

Electric field induced heavy hole excitons in a strained GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot are studied by considering geometrical confinement. The exciton binding energy and some nonlinear optical properties in the presence of electric field are discussed. Calculations include the anisotropy, non-parabolicity of the conduction band, strain effects and the spatial confinement. A cylindrical dot of GaxIn1-xAs surrounded by a GaAs barrier material with the constant Ga alloy content, x =0.2 is taken as the model. The exciton binding energy is found within the framework of the variational technique and the nonlinear optical properties are performed using matrix formulism. It is shown that the electronic and optical properties are strongly dependent on the application of electric field.

The River Cauvery is one of the major perennial river in the peninsular India. Which originates from Coorg District, Karnataka and flows through Tamilnadu state and enters into Bay of Bengal. The firshery resources are high in the River Cauvery. In the present investigation the sex ratio of Macrobrachium scabriculum was estimated for the period of two years from July 2010 to June 2012. A total of 1474 prawns, the males were 729 and females were 745. The overall sex ratio of males and females were found to be 1:1 ratio. The chi-square (x2) test analysis indicated that the value slightly deviated from the expected 1:1 ratio in the two years. The females were predominant in several months of the study period. Level P confidence for whole year has no significant deviation from the expected 1:1 ratio. The pooled data for both the years conformed to the expected 1:1 ratio. Physico-chemical factors of the aquatic environment either directly or indirectly influence the sex ratio. The preponderance of female in all the months than males. The predominance of female may poachaps be due to the continuous breeding habits and possible migration of females towards the river.