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We are very happy to announce that from 28th February 2013, Mr. Amir Samimi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on corrosion in oil and gas industry, Environment Engineering, Chemical Engineering. Mr. Amir Samimi is currently working as Young Researchers and Elit Club, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. The appointment of Mr. Amir Samimi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 10th May 2013, Mr. Moshtak Abdulatheem Jwad Wtwt has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Internal Medicine. Mr. Moshtak Abdulatheem Jwad Wtwt is currently working as College of Medicine, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq. The appointment of Mr. Moshtak Abdulatheem Jwad Wtwt as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 28th March 2015, Mr.Sunny Narayan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Noise and Harness and Vibrations. Mr.Sunny Narayan currently working as Assistant Professor and Coordinator, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indus International University, India. The appointment of Mr.Sunny Narayan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

Moore's Law has been greatly depended upon for the development of Electronic computers as they have also been regarded as traditional computers which cannot meet the high speed and bandwidth demands of the future. This led to the emergence of researchers in the field of computer engineering that began to work towards optical computing systems. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine optical computing as one of the major trends in Information Technology (IT) industry in the perspectives of its pros and cons towards recommendations that will further improve IT industry.

Direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) is a popular wireless technology. This system suffers from Multiple Access Interference (MAI) caused by Direct Sequence users and Near –far effect. Multi-User Detection schemes are used to detect the users’ data in presence of MAI and Near- far problem. In this dissertation, we present comparative study between linear multiuser detectors and conventional single user matched filter in DS-CDMA system. Analysis and simulations are conducted in synchronous AWGN channel, and Gold sequence and Kasami sequence are used as the spreading codes. Simulation results depict the performance of three detectors, conventional detector, Decorrelating detector and MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) detector. It shows that the performance of these detectors depends on the length of PN code used and Number of users. Linear multiuser detectors perform better than the conventional matched filter in terms of BER performance. All the simulations have been performed on MATLAB 7.0.

In both developed countries, privatization and in some cases commercialization have grown in popularity and acceptability. It has also become an important instrument that government can use to promote economic development, improve the production and distribution of goods and services, stream line government structure and reinvigorate industries controlled or managed by the state. The magnitude of persistent failure of public enterprises has alarming rate due largely high level corruption. Even when faithful implementation was supposed to result in efficiency effective and economic to the economy and consumers alike there continued to a derail from reality. The study methodology applied survey design and use Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. The study revaled that privatization promotes economic development. Privatization is a major road map to sustainable economic development. Hence creation of employment opportunities, four prices and competition but unfortunately public power as example the expectations from privatization have not been realized in Nigeria. It has been at the detriment of the households. The study recommends that there should faithful implementation of privatization, and it should be implemented with vigour.

This paper analyzed the latest development of ESL teaching and gave a new definition about college English teacher from postmethod’s perspective. Through discussion on difficulties faced by college English teachers, this paper also analyzed the characteristics about college English teachers’ professional development, and gave new thoughts and methods for college English teachers to promote their professionalization.

The aim of research is to determine the most important role of teachers teaching and learning (TTL). The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire, the sample 243 teachers. The data were analysed using descriptive /multiple regressions. The findings shown that teacher collaboration, share resources, teachers’ monitored, Student progress carefully monitored and working for improvement. Teachers constantly monitored by supervisors /principals for purpose of improving (TTL). The research has implications for teachers’ to be effective. The novelty of research has covered all parameters of teachers’ roles. This will contribute to improving teachers’ in educational system for the future research.

The aim of the paper is to simulate the brain nervous system based on complex networks. Complex networks provides a new view for brain network, and the brain nervous system can be abstracted to a network. In this paper we delineate the simulation process to brain nervous system by complex network and computer algorithm. By the logical definition, we can abstract the node and edge to set up the brain nervous system networks with the different algorithms. The simulation results imply that it is feasible to simulate brain nervous system network based on complex networks with brain anatomical and functional architectures.

This paper examines some issues in the use of the social demand approach (SDA) in educational planning and development with a view of facilitating cost effectiveness in the provision of universal basic education. The paper adopts a descriptive approach that involves the review of statutory documents, research reports and other related literature. These various secondary sources of information show that basic education programme in Nigeria is negatively skewed in terms of addressing issues of unemployment and poverty as well as the resource wastage that results from youth restiveness. The paper concludes that achieving self-sufficiency in the production of middle and high level manpower that is relevant to the economy will be difficult if practical training in relevant vocational skills is not started at the basic school level, from primary one, in the course of developing literacy and numeracy skills. It calls for a de-emphasis of book learning with greater focus on the development of practical skills in the provision of education as a social service directed at addressing the issues of illiteracy, unemployment and poverty as well as youth restiveness. It recommends the use of educational toys, regular field trips and more funds to make the UBE programme more functional in arresting youth unemployment, poverty and restiveness. Key words: cost effectiveness, skill training, and economic relevance.