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The improvement of current Question Answering (QA) systems relies on finding ways to support the traditional statistic approach to QA with logic reasoning. In this presentation we show one way of supporting an Interactive Question answering system with logic reasoning. The most likely answer to a question by searching a predicate format of topic-arranged question patterns and responses. Answer Finder is a framework for the development of question-answering systems. Answer Finder is currently being used to test the applicability of graph representations for the detection and extraction of answers. In this paper we briefly describe Answer Finder and introduce our method to learn graph patterns that link questions with their corresponding answers in arbitrary sentences. The method is based on the translation of the logical forms of questions and answer sentences into graphs, and the application of operations based on graph overlaps and the construction of paths within graphs. The method is general and can be applied to any graph-based representation of the contents of questions and answers.

In this paper, we present a design and implementation of a calculator software which applies the Microsoft visual studio and C-sharp (C#) for effective performance of some operations like polynomial solver of degree 10, simultaneous equation solver up to five systems of equations and evaluating the numerical integrations of some selected functions. It is expected that this application will help students and teaching staff in their daily doing of some mathematics related tasks.

Due to advantages of distributed generation systems, their use in distributed systems is more and more every day. In networks that are used in distributed generation resources, the island being a big problem to occur unintentionally. In this paper we will use a new method that combines of neural networks and fuzzy sets. Simulation results performed in the Matlab software environment that island being diagnosed accurately and more quickly done.

We are very happy to announce that from 8th November 2013, Dr. N.R. Birasal has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Zoology. Dr. N.R. Birasal is currently working as Associate Professor, Zoology Department, KLE Society’s G H College, HAVERI – 581 110, Karnataka State, India. The appointment of Dr. N.R. Birasal as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The four programmes of the Swadeshi movement which were like the four pillars of Nationalism were translated into action in different parts of India.  The idea of Boycott was kept alive and brought home to every door by articles in newspapers, processions, popular songs, enrolment of volunteers to keep vigilant watch, and by occasional bon-fires of foreign clothes, salt and sugar. The old apparels of foreign make belonging to sundry people were placed in a heep and then it was set on fire.  The blazing flames were greeted with shouts of ‘Bande Mataram’.  Such bonfires were looked upon as a special mode of honouring noted public leaders when they visited any particular locality.  Such tours of eminent leaders and the bonfires greeting them were regarded as of great value as a means of infusing enthusiasm for Swadeshi.

Sugarcane fertilization in Kenyan plantations is largely concentrated on Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Use of Potassium, secondary nutrients and micronutrients is altogether missing. Recent soil analysis results indicate that soils in the Mumias Sugar zone of western Kenya that accounts for 50-60 % of national production are K- deficient. In examining the quality factor in sugarcane payment systems as envisaged in recent legislation, adoption of balanced nutrition by inclusion of K would help improve sugar cane productivity and enhance sugar recovery. This paper reports the effect of K, N and their interaction on sugarcane yield and juice quality on acrisols. Four experiments were established in several locations from 2009-2011. The treatments included a factorial combination of four rates of K at 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha K2O and four rates of N at 0, 46, 92 and 138 kg/ha N. Recommended basal phosphate was included in every plot at 92 kg/ha P2O5. Each experiment was harvested after 18 months of growth. Results showed significant responses to K and N. Agronomic efficiency was higher in plots supplied with K along with N. Nitrogen and K2O application rates that produced optimum cane yields were: N = 46kg/ha and K2O = 60 kg/ha; however, economically profitable rates were N = 46-92 kg/ha and K2O at 60 kg/ha. Productivity gains did not offset costs when rates were higher than 120 kg/ha of K2O and 138 kg/ha of N. The results imply that the inclusion of K in the sugar cane fertilization regime at Mumias will be beneficial. An initial rate of 60kg/ha K2O (2 bags of 50 kg muriate of potash is recommended on soils with K-deficiency. There were strong indications that with K fertilization the current N recommendation of 120 – 150 kg N/ha could be reduced to only 78-92 kg/ha due to better N utilization from the interaction with K.

The Plate Heat Exchanger(PHE) consists of a series of parallel plates that are corrugated both to increase turbulence and to give mechanical rigidity . They normally have flow ports in all four corners and are clamped together in a frame that carries bushes and nuzzles lined up with the plate ports and connected to the external pipework that carries the two liquid streams .The plates themselves are fitted with gaskets, which are shaped and located both to prevent external leakage and to direct the two liquids normally counter currently through the relatively narrow passage between alternate pairs of heat transfer plates. One of the important feature of corrugated plate heat exchangers is their wavy surfaces. This feature has many advantages and of courses some disadvantages. For example, it enhances total heat transfer coefficient, but increases pressure drops and naturally running costs. The effects of wavelength on thermal performance of the heat exchanger was investigated in this study. This paper also presents a study on calculating wavelength, which can be useful in optimization process in order to find optimum value of the wavelength.

Association Rule (AR) mining is a data mining task that discovers interesting relations between variables in databases. The main focus of research in association rule mining is on improving the computational efficiency of mining the rules. The conventional methods available for mining association rules depend on the threshold values of minimum support and minimum confidence. The setting up of these values needs great care and knowledge about the application domain. This paper deals with mining association rules using chaotic Particle swarm optimization (cPSO). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is simple but powerful population based search technique for solving optimization problems. Chaotic PSO modifies the velocity updation function by introducing chaotic operators derived from chaotic maps. Both PSO and chaotic PSO generate AR with consistency and better computational accuracy when tested on three datasets. The range of attribute values in the dataset is found to affect the performance of the system.

Although quantum mechanics, as one of the most advanced physical theory was successful in explaining many of the physical and natural phenomena and this theory has numerous achievements in diverse areas of human gifted, but parallel to this subject, much confusion has been made in understanding the philosophical principles. The most obvious approach to the challenges of understanding the nature and will cause disagreement and confusion in describing the physical world and reality. The question "how quantum mechanics describes physical reality and describe what results there?" Many researchers have attempted to address the meeting. Among the researchers, David Bohm has a special place. By providing an alternative to quantum mechanics, "Bohemian Mechanics" offers.In this brief article will attempt to introduce "quantum mechanics" and its description of physical reality, the "Bohemian Mechanics" and its own definition of physical reality too.

Talking about green criminology essentially means looking at the position of man in relation to his natural environment. Man by virtue of his position is the epitome of creation. Hence been referred to as the inheritor, conquer and vice glance of the earth. In search of better life, man was able to manipulate his natural environment by any means available to him; this has cause a lot of havoc to him, his environment and other living and non-living beings. The methods and means used to explore the environment are seen by many as necessary tools for advancement, this has dated back from the very beginning of man existence on earth surface. However as man continue to advance in his quest and achievements there comes the alarms as to the consequence of this adventure called ‘development”. The price to pay for this development includes the very sacrifice of man’s life, health and that of other living and non-living beings of the natural environment. The critical question here is does this achievements really worth the price? Who are those paying the price? Who benefit from this high price? And could this falls under acts that calls for legal attention and what are the legal remedies put in place to control these acts? Is there other alternative ways to explore nature thereby inflicting less harm? These and many other questions is what this research work seeks to answer.