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Today, significant development has been occurred in the field of Electronics and Telecommunications. One of these developments is sensor that can monitor the operational environment. These sensors can monitor a short board of the environment but in the operational environment, they can report results to sink by sending data, hand to hand. Clustering is and efficient method in this field. There are several algorithms for clustering and each of them investigates different measures of the network. in this paper, a clustering method is proposed by using genetic algorithm and its efficiency is compared with LEACH, LEACH-M algorithms. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is this paper lead to increase the network lifetime and improve the network coverage in comparing with these two algorithms.

In the classic Economic Order Quantity model the purchasing cost of an order is paid at the time of its receipt. In some cases sellers give their retailers a permissible for paments and some others aks buyers to pay all or a fraction of the purchasing cost in advance and may allow them to divide the prepayment into several equal-sized parts. We propose a generalized supplier–retailer inventory model under a given deterministic planning horizons which consists of n different periods using a trade credit policy that attracts more retailers. The trade credit policy adopted here is a demand dependent policy in which the supplier offers the retailer a permissible delay period as a non-decreasing function of the buyer demand. In addition, the demand rate is assumed to be a function of time and of the related period. During the given permissible period no interest is charged by the supplier on the retailer, but beyond that period an interest, with the conditions agreed upon, is charged on .However, during the permissible credit period, the retailer can accumulate the revenue of salls and earns an interest on that revenue.Hence, determin?ng such a trade credit period is recognized as an important strategy to increase seller’s profitability and minimize the retailer’s costs. Sufficient conditions on the existence and uniqueness of the optimal replenishment policy are provided.

The study on the analysis of information communication technologies uses and perception of its role in cassava marketing in Imo state, Nigeria. Sample sizes of 60 respondents were used for the study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire. The finding revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 51.2 years, about 66.7% of the respondents consist of female marketers, majority (83.3%) of the marketers in the study area were married, the mean household size of the respondents was 6 persons, the mean years spent in school was 9.6 years, the mean marketing experience was 14.2 years. The finding also showed that majority of the marketers (60%) made use of mobile phone as their main ICT tool for cassava marketing. It is therefore recommended that adequate power supply and electricity be provided to enable the farmers utilize their ICT tools.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. (Elaeocarpaceae) is a large evergreen broad-leaved tree and found in Himalayan range in India and Nepal. Fruits and leaves are known for various medicinal properties and used in traditional medication system for the treatment of diseases. In this study, antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract of leaves of E. ganitrus was tested against clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar and Sabouraud Dextrose agar for bacterial and fungal cultures respectively. The extract exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity as it inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. The extract showed maximum relative percentage inhibition against B. cereus (124.16%). Minimum inhibitory concentration test was performed by modified agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the extract varied from 125-2000 µg/ml; however minimum value was reported against B. cereus and A. flavus (125 µg/ml). The results indicate the potential use of E. ganitrus leaves for the development of antimicrobial compounds.

Tribal are self-sufficient and self-contended by nature. The demand for life sustenance originates at home and ends from the supply of nature at most of the cases. Empowerment and dis-empowerment is always viewed and weighted with outside lenses. Dimension of well-being of tribal women is captured in the study through the level of household income, food security, institutional participation and access to credit facilities and leveraging resources based on the principle of inclusion of the excluded.

Water quality monitoring has been high priority to determine the current conditions of the water system. Water quality indices provide the first hand assessment in a simplified manner on the quality and possible uses for irrigation. Many indices are required for specifying the quality of water for irrigation purposes as a single parameter can be restrictive at times. The intent of this paper was to put forth a quality profile of irrigation water. As a case studied, the water of Jhelum was studied. Samples were collected during the period from October 2016 to April 2017. pH, conductivity, total hardness, nitrite, alkalinity, sodium, magnesium, DO, TDS etc were analyzed. Permeability Index (PI), Kelly’s ratio, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Hazard (MH) was calculated based on the analytical results. It was observed that water quality profile was good and normal for irrigation purposes.

This paper analyzes and investigates decision making process of equity investors for trading in stock exchanges of Pakistan. Survey research technique has been used to analyze the investors’ attitude about the market’s efficiency and to test different theories of traditional finance like efficient market hypotheses (EMH), rational investors and random walk hypothesis (RWH). The survey questionnaire forms were sent to 510 individuals identified as equity investors in stock exchanges of Pakistan, out of which 248 survey questionnaire forms have been received back. The results of descriptive statistics have indicated that investors are not completely rational individuals as supposed by theories of traditional finance.

Service learning is a method of teaching where students apply their academic skills and knowledge to address real-life needs in their own communities. Service learning is a pedagogical strategy that facilitates a student's growth in academics, social maturity, critical thinking, and communication, collaboration, and leadership skills. This educational opportunity possesses enormous potential to move higher education in the direction of civic involvement by taking the classroom into the community. Student experienced stronger positive effects on critical thinking, degree plans, sense of control over their own academic success, and preference for higher-order cognitive tasks

This research study was conducted on the prevailing learners’ perceptions and preferences towards Blended Learning in Higher Education. This was a case study involving one private University in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to assess the learners’ perspectives of Blended Learning, identify their experiences and make recommendations for improvement of program design and delivery. The study design adopted a mixed research approach and was situated within Garrison (2008) theoretical framework of Community of Inquiry (CoL). The research addressed the following research objectives: What are the reasons for choosing the Blended Learning program? What are the learners’ perceptions towards the quality of preparation and delivery of blended learning programs? How do learners compare the Blended Learning and traditional classroom learning? What are the suggestions for the future development of Blended Learning? Participants were drawn from cohorts of learners enrolled at different stages of study in the Blended Learning program at the University. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify participants. The participants responded to questionnaire that was emailed to them by their course instructors. The completed questionnaires were subsequently emailed back to the researcher. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson-Product moment correlation coefficient was used to describe relationships between variables. The findings from the study indicate that when there is greater social and teaching presence, learner’s satisfaction increases. Provision of support in terms of teaching presence and instructional resources needs to be enhanced. Facilitators of Blended Learning courses have to be more proactive and initiate frequent online discussions to enrich their courses.

The decision to spend on Research and Development (R&D) is very crucial for the growth of any firm. This study explores the determinants of R&D intensities in selected Indian firms that spend on R&D activities. The impact of business house affiliation on R&D activities is also taken as a crucial factor determining R&D activities. The study found that R&D behavior for the period 2003-2009 is different from the year 2010. The year 2010 being the recovery year there has been significant rise in R&D spending among the selected firms. As there are some interrelated variables in the model, the simultaneity in the models is verified with Hausman tests and then two-stage least square method is applied for the empirical estimation and analysis. Outward orientation, profitability, imports of capital goods, advertisement etc. turned out to be important determinants of R&D intensity. Business group affiliation as such has a negative role in R&D intensity except for top-50 business houses in certain year.