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Kashan playa, Located in the west of Central Desert of Iran, has been subjected to severe desertification problems. Most of these problems are due to human activities, overgrazing, sand dune mobility, soil salinity and ground water depletion. Monitoring desertification, land degradation and land cover requires rapid and accurate procedures. Remotely sensed satellite technology allows land degradation processes to be monitored over time. Two Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite images for 12 years period (1990-2002) with field observations were provided basic information for mapping of the extend and monitoring of the Kashan playa in central desert of Iran. Several change detection techniques such as image differencing, vegetation change analysis, principal component analysis and classification comparison have been applied to the data. Maximum Likelihood classification analysis showed a kappa coefficient accuracy of 86% and 82% for the TM and ETM+ images. Results revealed that about 35 % of the study area mostly salty lands and fixed sand dune has been rapidly changed. The overall rate changes of the desert lands and vegetation are about 7275 and 62 ha year^-1 respectively.

The Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are heterogeneous in nature and Call Admission Control (CAC) in NGWN is a challenging problem. User differentiation is becoming increasingly important to the service providers as Quality of Service (QoS) requirements vary amongst users. The number of users in the network is directly controlled by CAC and hence must be carefully designed to guarantee the varying QoS needs of users. This paper proposes a channel partitioning model for CAC in NGWN by taking into account the users QoS needs and the simulation results for the call blocking probability of different user classes is presented.

World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a condition of excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue to the extent that health may be impaired. Overweight and obesity are defined by body mass index for gender and age. The problem of obesity is confined not only to adults but also to children and adolescents. An increased intake of sugar sweetened beverage is associated with higher energy intake, weight gain, obesity and diabetes. Restaurant foods especially fast foods contain more calories, more fat per calorie and less fiber than homemade foods. Since junk foods are high in energy, excessive consumption of junk foods, coupled with lack of adequate physical activity may contribute to obesity. The aim of present study is to find out the macronutrient composition of energy intake among selected overweight/obese adolescents and to estimate the snacking consumption of the selected overweight/obese adolescents.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder which is characterised by pain and decreased Range of motion. OA is a disease process of axial and peripheral joints. It is characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage and by reactive bone changes at the margins of the joints and in the sub-chondral bone. It is a progressive disorder of the joints. Knee is the most commonly affected joints. Its management can be pharmacological, non pharmacological or surgical. Amongst the nonpharmacological and surgical management a very important goal of management is correction of the malalignment of the joint. This malalignment is because of improper loading of the knee joint and is responsible for a lot of symptoms and disease progression. This can be done conservatively by bracing, taping and shoe modifications. The purpose of this article is to review the existing conservative methods and techniques available to correct and manage biomechanical malalignments evident in knee osteoarthritis

Electrostatic discharge tester has been designed to measure the electrostatic discharge produced in the woven fabric in terms of kilovolts. Various types of fabrics have been tested for their static properties by using Box-behnken design and their values were analysed based on their influencing parameters such as rubbing cycle, pressure and speed. It is observed that the value obtained by the electrostatic discharge tester varies from cotton, silk and polyester depending upon moisture regain values. It has been found that the maximum static discharge value generated for polyester while testing was 3 kilovolts, which was comparatively higher than cotton (2.1 kilovolts) and for silk(1.8 kilovolts) .The optimum values and their regression, correlation co-efficient were also analyzed.

This paper interacts to explain ownership structure, post promoters holdings and Ex-ante information at the level of underpricing in the Indian primary market. The study is based on IPO that listed at Bombay stock exchange given that (April-1999 to Dec-2012). Multiple linear regressions are used to distinguish the relationship between various independent variables with the dependent variable, i.e. level of underpricing. Therefore, we used ordered probit regression to find the exact relationship of pricing mechanism (book build pricing mechanism) with the other variables. The outcomes reveal that, Firm’s age, book build pricing mechanism, ownership structure, retail subscriptions & market capitalization explained the degree of underpricing, These findings were more important to the retail and institutional investors, who likely to buy IPOs in the Indian primary market.

The mean free path, in edition, gas density ratio, molecule radius average time between collisions average velocity of molecule, and the diameter of the molecule for both Maxwell and Druyvestyn Velocities distribution law are performed by numerically solving the Boltzmann transport equation. This achieved for helium and nitrogen gases under influence the applied electric field to the gas pressure ratio ,E/P, between (3.9131x10-3-0.9767) and (1.611-16.115) (V cm-1 Torr-1) respectively at 3000 K. The obtained results are agreement with the experimental data.

We are very happy to announce that from 30th September 2016, Dr. T. S. Varadharajan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on English Literature. Dr. T. S. Varadharajan working as Assistant Professor of English, Department of English, School of Humanities and Sciences, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur – 613 401, India. The appointment of Dr. T. S. Varadharajan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

This paper analytically examines the effects of adding nanoparticles on the exergy destruction of water– Al₂O₃ nanofluid flow through a circular duct under constant wall heat flux for thermally and hydrodynamic laminar regime. The single phase model is employed to simulate the nanofluid convection, taking into account appropriate thermophysical properties. Particles are assumed spherical with a diameter equal to 13 nm and are easily fluidized. In this approach, nanofluid can be treated as a pure fluid. Results show that with increasing the volume concentration of particles, the values of both of exergy transfer and heat transfer rate, decreases, especially for lower values of Reynolds number. These results indicate that along the duct at a fixed volume concentration, exergy destruction, decreases.

Electric field induced donor binding energy in a GaAs/AlGaAs finite quantum well are discussed. It is calculated with and without the inclusion of position dependent effective mass. We find the energy eigen values to obtain the subband energy and thereby the hydrogenic impurity binding energies. In all the calculation, we follow the variational formulism within the single band effective mass approximation. We find that results are different when the position dependent effective mass included in the Hamiltonian. Moreover, we find that the reduction of binding energy when the electric field is applied in the growth direction.