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The levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were analyzed in four different fish species sampled from the Volta lake in Ghana. Fish muscles were subjected to soxhlet extraction for 16 h and further analysed by Gas Chromatography. The mean concentration of the HCHs, Drins, DDTs CHLs and HCB ranged from 4.03 to 13.04 ng/g; 3.46 to 12.29 ng/g; 7.96 to 38.05 ng/g; 4.55 to 39.62 ng/g and 0.34 to 1.21 ng/g respectively. Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zilli were the increasing order of magnitude of organochlorine pesticides detected among the species of fish. PCB concentration in the fishes ranged from a minimum of 0.90 ng/g to a maximum of 7.76 ng/g. The potential effect of contamination was assessed through the calculation of acceptable daily intake of organochlorines in the different fish species prescribed for human consumption. It was observed that the exposure of Ghanaian population through the consumption of fish from the Volta lake is relatively low and does not presently pose significant health risk.

Determination of pesticide residues in food is very essential in human health and it is becoming a major priority in the cocoa value chain. Hence, organophosphorous pesticide residues in dried cocoa beans from Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria were determined using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the detected levels of these residues were compared with the European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU MRLs). Samples were milled separately and 10 g milled samples were weighed into 40 ml Dichloromethane (DCM) in a beaker and later sonicated. The extracts were subjected to gel permeation chromatography to separate lipids from the extracts, which were later subjected to fractionation. Among the organophosphous pesticide residues detected in the samples from the states were dichlorvos, diazion, phosphamidon, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, isofenphos and carbofenothion with their being levels higher than EU MRLs, suggesting that the produce were not safe for human consumption and the residues could pose some health risk to the consumers.

Any unaccustomed activity especially eccentric exercises leads to features like pain, oedema lack of strength and range of motion in corresponding joints and muscles. These features typically start 8-12 hrs following activity, peaking between 24-48 hrs and lasting 96 hrs or beyond 96 hrs post activity. This phenomenon is called Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and is also known as muscle fever. It was first explained by Theodre Hough(1905) and since then new theories have been postulated to understand it. Physiotherapy is one of the major main stays of its management. Even though pharmacological agents have been researched on efficacy is not well established .Physiotherapy management includes many interventions like cryotherapy, thermotherapy, stretching, exercises, electrical currents, Soft tissue massage. This review is humble attempt to understand the basic mechanisms underlying delayed onset muscle soreness and its management with special emphasis on physiotherapy management.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has recently become a significant factor, which plays a significant role in industrial companies as well as governmental ones. CSR has taken an added value to these corporations even that non-profit corporations. CSR among universities is Saudi Arabia is still at the beginning except two universities as this mentioned in literature review. Results explained that CSR at King Fiasal University (KFU) is still not obvious even though its vision with special department issued. This paper ends with a conclusion and a set of recommendations.

We are very happy to announce that from 8th October 2016, Dr.J.Jayapriya has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mathematics. Dr.J.Jayapriya working as Professor, Sathyabama University,Chennai-119. The appointment of Dr.J.Jayapriya as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 7th July 2017, Dr.U.S.Negi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mathematics. Dr.U.S.Negi working as Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, H.N.B. Garhwal (Central) University, S.R.T. Campus Badshashi-thaul, TEHRI GARHWAL-249199, (U.K.) INDIA. The appointment of Dr. U.S.Negi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

Companies must remain consistent in the development of human resources will be obtained on a periodic basis so that human resources are more qualified again so it will be able to contribute to employee motivation. As well as the placement of human resources should be made of companies with selective as possible so that staffing will be right in place and will make a major contribution to the work motivation.

Changes in soil properties, soil organic C (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks associated with different heating temperatures from 50, 100, and 150 kg/m2 dry biomass that provided for different heat intensities were compared with natural soil temperature of arable land adjacent to the burnt plots. Soil samples were collected in three replicates from control and burnt plots and soil temperatures were measured with soil thermometer placed at surface and sub-surface layers, while gas emissions were measured with sensitive gas dictators. The induced temperatures were highly variable at the soil surface whereas below 15cm depth, the temperature rise was not more than 370C. Modifications of various soil physico-chemical parameters caused by fire were related to increasing temperatures. The passage of fire promoted SOC and TN stocks, mean weight diameter, the aggregation of 2 mm stable structures which become even more resistant to disrupting action of water. The pH decreased to 5.4 at higher temperatures following burning before ashes mineralized. However, both organic matter and ECEC increased at increasing soil temperature. Potassium content remained surprisingly constant as the soil temperature increased. Air quality measurement revealed that NO2, SO2 H2S and CO2 were above the limits indicating air pollution through these activities. Despite the merits of quick release of occluded nutrients, heating temperatures of slash-and-burn method of land clearing altered soil and air quality.

Indium sulfide (?-In₂S₃) nanopowders with tetragonal structure were synthesized by a cost effective chemical route at a low temperature using acetic acid as a complexing agent. Effect of acetic acid concentration on the structural, optical and photoluminescence properties of the synthesized In₂S₃ nanopowders were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature. Tunable luminescence intensity without affecting the wavelength was observed by tuning the acetic acid concentration. The optimized results on the structural, optical absorption and photoluminescence properties are presented and elaborated in the present work.

Over time, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained popularity, with people accepting the fact that companies have a responsibility to help the community in which they do business. Gone are the days when the sole objective of business was profit maximization. Companies are said to possess stakeholders whose interests they have to understand and try to satisfy. Stakeholder theory is thus closely linked with CSR. An interesting question is how companies are supposed to satisfy these needs. This paper attempted to evaluate the CSR best practices of America’s richest companies of 2010 as determined by Fortune Magazine: Wal-Mart, Chevron and Bank of America. This evaluation was done using a CSR best practices guide obtained from the CSR activities of the top 3 most socially responsible companies of 2010. Content analysis was utilized to explore the CSR reports of these companies, focusing on activities related to 4 key stakeholders, 1) Employees, 2) Customers, 3) Community and 4) Environment. Results of the analysis revealed that Wal-Mart, Chevron and Bank of America performed very well in discharging their responsibilities towards the community and the environment, but did quite poorly towards employees in particular. These companies were advised to focus more on the welfare of their employees, given their vital importance to the success of each company. Companies were also advised to provide customers with forums and mechanisms for feedback and comments. These would provide valuable information to the companies on how to improve their services so as to maintain existing customers and garner new ones.