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This paper presents an image encryption algorithm using chaos. A more complex version of the chaos called Hyper-chaos is used to improve the security of the procedure. Hyper-chaotic system is used to shuffle the parts of the image. Then the shuffled image is encrypted with the chaos. At the receiving end, decryption is done and then the shuffled parts of the image are put back in their original positions.

This study was conducted to investigate the learning environment through the perception of prospective science teachers (PSTs) and science teacher educators (STEs) in teacher training institutions of Pakistan. Instrument used was extracted from a valid and reliable scale entitled “what is happening in the class” for both samples and it covered three aspects of learning environment: Cooperation, Instructor’s Support and Investigation. For data collection, two samples consisting of 410 Prospective Science Teachers (PSTs) and 38 Science Teacher Educators (STEs) were randomly selected from eight training institutions located in three states of Pakistan. Findings of study revealed that in some aspects of the learning environment, the teacher training institutions were rated poor while in various aspects these were perceived average and in a few aspects these were rated as good. The perception of PSTs and STEs was different about some characteristics of institutional learning environment while it was almost same about some other fact regarding learning environment.

Education is very important in all societies. In this process, teacher and his training procedures are very important. However, it can be said that teaching is not easy because the teacher is faced with many variables in the process of teaching. Better identifying these variables and using them in a timely manner can help teachers focus on its goals. In this regard, the present study is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of student-centered education on creativity and social compatibility of junior students in Dashtestan city in 1393. The population of this study are junior students of Dashtestan city that 40 students of the target population were selected and investigated. Based on the objective, this study is functional and based on the nature, it is descriptive – analytical and gathering data has been done based on Library, documentary, and field studies. Data has been collected based on Bell’s social compatibility questionnaire in this study containing 25 questions and also Torrance’s creativity test has been used. The results show that there is a significant relationship among the student-centered teaching method and increasing creativity and social compatibility of students. So it seems that planning for teachers to use modern teaching methods (student-centered) in their teaching to improve the quality of education is necessary.

This study was designed to assess the ameliorative properties of methanol extract of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with extract of Allium cepa on oxidative stress markers of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Seventy wistar albino rats were used for the study and were grouped into 7 of ten rats in each. Groups 2-7 received a dose of 0.3ml/kg body weight (b.w) of CCl4 in 1:1 olive oil via intraperitoneally twice a week. Those in group 1 received only normal rat chow without CCl4. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 7 orally received a dose of 100mg/kg b.w, 200mg/kg b.w, 300mg/kg b.w and 200mg/kg b.w of the methanol extract respectively. Group 6 and 7 orally received a dose of 5.2mg/kg b.w of livolin and group 7 alone orally received a dose of 50mg/kg b.w of vitamin C. These treatments were administered for 30 days and the following biochemical markers; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were estimated on day 10, 20 and 30 after treatment. Result showed that the values of TBARS significantly increased at p<0.05 on day 10, 20 and 30 in group 2 compared to group 1 while the values of CAT and SOD significantly decreased at p<0.05 on day 10, 20 and 30 in group 2 compared to group 1. The values of TBARS significantly decreased at p<0.05 on day 10, 20 and 30 in groups 3,4,5, 6 and 7 compared to group 2 while the values of CAT and SOD significantly increased at p<0.05 on day 10, 20 and 30 in groups 3,4,5,6 and 7 compared to group 2. These findings suggest that methanol fruiting body extract of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with extract of Allium cepa scavenged the free radicals responsible for oxidative stress initiated by CCl4 and subsequently ameliorated and substantially reversed the toxic effect of the tissue specific toxicant.

The purpose of this research was to identify about the implementation of Balanced Scorecard in the insurance companies of Pakistan. Additionally, this study was conducted to answer various queries such as relative importance of the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard, relationship between experience of the employees and knowledge about the Balanced Scorecard, relationship between the age of the employees and knowledge about the Balanced Scorecard, measures used by the insurance companies for each perspective of the Balanced Scorecard etc. This study was conducted at the managers and non-managers’ level. To achieve these purposes, a sample of 23 out of total 36 insurance companies was taken. Total number of respondents was 120.

Simultaneous rupture of the two patellartendons are exceptional in sports young people without predisposing systemic disease. Diagnosis is essentially clinical help with radiography. Surgical treatment gives good result. We report a case of a 35 years old young sport with a subcutaneousbilateral rupture of the patellar tendon.

We deposited CdS and ZnS chalcogenides thin films on different substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique. Structural, Surface Morphology and Optical properties of as deposited CdS and ZnS films were investigated by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. It is found that, the average grain size of CdS and ZnS in the films is 08 to 130nm and 08 to 113nm. The band gap is also calculated from the equation relating absorption co-efficient to wavelength. The band gap indicates the film is transmitting within the visible range and the band gaps changes because of the grain size of the CdS and ZnS in the films. We also observed that, the change in preparative parameters affects the deposition rate of thin films. From the observation, it is clear that the growth rate increases as the deposition temperature, deposition time, molarities of the solution increases. It is also clear that the growth rate increases as the film thickness and grain sizes increases while band gap decreases.

Comparative study of O-butylation of phenols under Liquid-Liquid biphasic versus solid-liquid-liquid and Liquid-Liquid-Liquid triphasic phase transfer catalysis has been carried out. 1-Butyl bromide was used as an alkylating agent. Tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate was used as Phase transfer catalyst. The rates of reaction were enhanced under the triphasic PTC as compared to the Liquid-Liquid PTC.

IT organizations can now outsource computer hardware by leasing CPU time through cloud computing services. The problem here is the effectiveness is becoming less due to burden on single cloud while working with MTC applications .This paper deals with defining the feasible solutions with MTC applications using the programming models for computing over a Multi clouds instead of single cloud for effectiveness.

The present study aimed at to find out the conflicts of faculty members with responsibilities, administration and colleagues in the educational organizations. Population of the study was comprised of male and female colleges of Rawalpindi District. Sample of the study comprised of four post graduate colleges (two male and two female) of Rawalpindi District. A stratified random sample of 150 male and female faculty members were selected from each college. Results show that the female has more conflicts towards responsibilities, administration and colleagues than male. Junior staff members have high level of conflicts than senior members and married faculty members are facing fewer conflicts than unmarried faculty members.