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Worldwide, sugarcane is the major raw material used in the production of domestic sugar. It accounts for 80% of the sugar consumed. Kakamega and Bungoma Counties account for about 80% of the locally processed sugar. There is evidence of increased investment in the industry as characterized by growth in the number of millers across the country. Information about this growth and challenges on sugarcane transportation is scanty to enable policy makers in making informed decisions on improving efficiency in the sub sector. The study is guided by the objective to evaluate the characteristics of sugarcane transportation in western Kenya sugar belt region. Descriptive survey was carried out to achieve the study objective. The study tool was a pretested orally administered structured questionnaire with questions testing the following variables: characteristics of sugarcane transportation, prevalent livelihoods and strategies that can improve livelihoods. The study involved 384 respondents. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling were used in determining respondents that were used in the study. Data was analysed using Excel and Statistical Package for Social Scientists (a computer programmes). Presentation was done in tables, graphs and pie charts. Research questions were subjected to Pearson Correlation and Regression coefficients to ascertain their significance. The study revealed that sugarcane transportation may have resulted in wide road network (32%) and improved access to the farms (68%). Tractors is the main means of transportation for sugarcane (67%) in the region. In conclusion, most of the cane growing farms are owned and operated by individual families. It was established that transportation cost was high in the region, which was attributed to poor road networks and frustration from millers. The study recommends improvements on the state of road network; there is need for creating right institutions and mechanisms to carry out road maintenance in the sugar belts of Kenya. The study recommends future research on poor road networks traversing western region sugar belts.

Brain metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, either through a hematogenous route or through the cerebrospinal fluid, are uncommon. Imaging is crucial in evaluating the local extension. It also allows to determinate the irradiation field, to monitor the lesions progression or recession and to detect treatment complications. We aim to expose the case of a patient with metastatic undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting a recurrence in central nervous system revealed by hemiparesis.

Two widely used formalisms based on the cadmium ratio concept (with its associated problems) of the single comparator (k0-NAA standardization) method are used for the multi – elemental analysis at Ghana Research Reactor – 1 (GHARR – 1) facility. This paper examines suitability of GHARR – 1 for reactor neutron activation analysis after the re – configuration of the core by monitoring the stability of the flux parameters f and ? over the course of nine months and the feasibility of using k0 – NAA standardization method based on the Maxwellian neutron distribution concept at the facility for routine analysis. The concepts were validated by analyzing two reference materials. The concentrations of most of the elements were found to be within 10% of the certified values.

A satellite has many supporting subsystems like sensors, solar panels, thrusters, thermal control system, reaction wheels, batteries, etc. These subsystems are integral and functional parts of a satellite that serve different purposes. For example, batteries supply power during eclipse time, thermal control system maintains an optimum temperature; thrusts are used to maintain satellite attitude and orbit. The subsystem must be in good condition and help the satellite to perform mission operation. Therefore the subsystems are analyzed to determine whether they are in good condition or not or showing a tendency to degrade. To do this analysis, archive data files are used, these files contains actual information about the subsystems. The subsystems are represented in the data files as parameters. The checking manifestations of the satellite health status are carried out to yield exact result. Based on these results further steps that facilitate the continuity of the satellite activities are implemented. Thus the spacecraft analysis is a vital activity and one of the objectives of “Telemetry Tracking and Command Network” for space research organizations among various other activities out to provide uninterrupted space services. The purpose of this research is to develop application software for analyzing spacecraft data and provide trend analysis package to benefit spacecraft subsystem specialists and designers at various centers of space research connected by Space NET.

The aim of present study was to examine the expectations of children about parental competencies in 21st century. The study was based on the purposive sample of150 students of grade 8 to 14 from schools and colleges located in Islamabad, Pakistan. The age of students ranged from 13 to 19 and above. The assumptions of the children about their parental competencies needed in 21st century were measured through administration of a questionnaire. Results revealed that children assumed their parents more competent in 21st century. Findings further depicted that as children grew up, assumption of children about competencies of their parents’ decreases. Results showed that children assume more competencies in their fathers as compared to their mothers.

Immunization is an important public health intervention aimed at reducing child mortality and morbidity in line with the fourth goal of the Millennium Development Goals. It is an important means for controlling six vaccine-preventable diseases, namely, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus, Polio, and Measles. World Health Organization recommends that all children should receive full immunization by the age of two years to boost their immunity. Although immunization coverage has improved significantly over the past four decades, about one-fifth of the world?s children still fail to receive full doses of the standard antigens, majority of who are natives of the African region. In Somalia, empirical studies on immunization coverage do not provide detailed information about immunization coverage and key determinants at the community level and within specific groups such as pastoralists. The main objective of this study was to determine barriers to full immunization coverage among under-five years children within Benadir region. The study applied a cross-sectional survey design, with both quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary data will was sourced from under-five children, service providers in selected health facilities, public health officers and community health workers. A mixture of probability and non-probability sampling procedures were applied to select participants in each category. Fisher?s formula for sample size determination from large populations will be used to select a representative sample of the under five years children. The study applied a survey questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions, as well as Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interview guides. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were applied to process, analyze, and interpret the data.

The main aim of this paper is the briefing of a billing system for small commercial purpose. The purpose of the paper is to provide reliable environment forstoring the bills for all the customers for whom account is created. The bills are stored in file format. Visual Studio software is used for creating the application, C# language is used in this software for creating the application. If account is not created for the user then the bill will not be created. Keypad is used for creating the accounts and entering the values in it. Alter function is also used for changing the entries and delete function is used for deleting the values stored in the account. If a wrong entry is given error will be shown. Before deleting an entry a confirmation message will come.

Identified the activity of chitinases enzyme from the gut content of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, is a novel study. Fish was collected from the Nilgiris district of Western Ghats, India was acclimatized and reared in the laboratory. Dissected guts were homogenized and centrifuged under ice cold condition. Enzyme activity was estimated by adopting calorimetric method. Gut extract chitinases showed positive results of bio-physical and bio-chemical properties and its optimum activity were observed at pH 6.3, temperature around 32oC and substrate concentration was 0.6 U/g. Chitinase is more active in the near acidic than alkaline pH and suggestive of enzyme secrets in the foregut of the fish and it can be assumed as fish origin. Mosquito fish introduction is being a major cause of bio-diversity decline in any fresh water ecosystem, can be used as chitinase enzyme source instead of using in mosquito control. Further studies on mosquito fish chitinase enzyme purification may open the possibility of industrial uses.

Tin disulphide thin film on glass substrate is prepared using spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 453 K. Using the hot probe technique the type of conductivity is found to be n type. X ray diffraction analysis revealed the polycrystalline nature of the SnS2 thin film with nano sized crystallites of dimension 5.57 nm having hexagonal structure and a preferential orientation along the (002) plane. The surface morphology has been observed using scanning electron microscope. The thickness of the film is determined as 780 nm. The absorption coefficient ? is found to vary between 1.63 x 104 cm-1 and 0.30 x 104 cm-1 correspondingly by recording the absorption data in the wavelength range 400 – 800 nm. Band gap value of 2.78 eV of direct allowed nature is observed for this pyrolysised SnS2 thin film. The room temperature resistivity of SnS2 thin film is found to be 7.18 x 104 ? cm in dark and 3.03 x 103 ? cm in light respectively. Activation energy of 0.47 eV is determined using Arrhenius plot.

The leaves of Sida acuta “Broom Weed” (Family: Malvaceae) was analysed for its proximate, anti-nutrients and mineral elements composition using standard methods. The proximate analysis showed the results to be (%) moisture 54.82, ash 7.94, crude protein 17.85, crude fat 2.70, carbohydrate 6.21, crude fibre 5.30, and caloric value 360.54 Kcal. The concentration of anti-nutrients (mg/100g) was observed to be oxalate 140.8, hydrocyanic acid 98.3, phytate 210.1 and tannin 603.7. The mineral element contents (mg/100g dry weight) were Na (81.90), K (117.40), Ca (44.32), P (1.15), Fe (1.01), Zn (1.07) and Mg (14.40). The study showed that the high concentration of anti-nutrients in Sida acuta Burn.f. obtained from this locality might cause health hazard if consumed in large quantity over a long period of time.