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The inhibition efficiency of coffee husk extract and extract of Ziziphusspina Christi on the corrosion of aluminum in 0.5 M NaOH solutions was investigated using weight loss method at 25 and 45°C. Surface was examined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental investigations showed that coffee husk extract and Ziziphusspina Christi extract reduce the corrosion of aluminum in 0.5M NaOH solutions. The inhibition mechanism was deduced from the temperature dependence of the inhibition efficiency as well as from activation parameters that govern the process. The adsorption of two extracts on the aluminum surface was found to obey Langmuir, Temkin and thermodynamic/kinetic model of adsorption isotherms. The obtained results are consistent with physisorption adsorption.

Abstract Cost efficiency is important as far as the performance of an organisation is concerned. Cost efficiency helps an organisation to maximise output from a given set of inputs and use these inputs in optimal proportions. Consequently, there will be an increase in return on assets and equity and hence profitability of the organisation. However, cost efficiency seems to be low in many primary schools in Uganda. Some schools have suffered insolvency, while others have stagnated, been sold and collapsed. This paper derived from a PhD proposal suggests a framework for studying factors relating to cost efficiency in private primary schools. The study presents the introduction, theories, the statement of the problem, objectives, significance, conceptual framework, related literature and the corresponding hypotheses to be tested. It also suggests the methodology that will be used by the study. The PhD monograph and future articles that will be generated from the proposed study will provide the findings, conclusions and recommendations.

Cloud computing enables highly scalable services to be easily consumed over the Internet on an as-needed basis. A major feature of the cloud services is that user’s data are usually processed remotely in unknown machines that user’s do not own or operate. While enjoying the convenience brought by this new emerging technology, user’s fears of losing control of their own data (particularly, financial and health data) can become a significant barrier to the wide adoption of cloud services. To address this problem, a highly decentralized information accountability framework is proposed to keep track of the actual usage of the user’s data in the cloud. In particular, an object-centered approach that enables enclosing the logging mechanism together with user’s data and policies. The JAR programmable capabilities are leveraged to both create a dynamic and traveling object, and to ensure that any access to user’s data will trigger authentication and automated logging that is local to the JARs. To strengthen user’s control, a distributed auditing mechanism is proposed to be implemented.

Indus-1 is a 450 MeV, synchrotron radiation source in India. Visible light from wide synchrotron radiation spectrum is focused by visible diagnostic beamline for the study of electron beam parameters. The longitudinal profile of electrons is captured (images) and measured by the indigenously developed streak camera system. Image processing software is developed for measurement of bunch length and bunch centroid position of electron beam (visible part). In this paper the algorithm for development of image processing software is discussed and results obtained after measurement under different light condition and with changing background during the natural decay of beam current are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to explore the importance of Kalabagh dam in the perspective of Pakistan. In addition, the study observes different views of the residents which cover all four provinces of Pakistan namely, Sindh, Punjab, Khyber PukhtoonKhawa (KPK) and Baluchistan. The importance of Kalabagh dam in Pakistan is related with electricity generation capacity which will meet the country’s power requirement. There has some reservation regarding construction of the dam. Sindh province objects that their share of the Indus water will be curtailed as water from the Kalabagh will go to irrigate farmlands in Punjab and Khyber PukhtoonKhawa at their cost. KPK province of Pakistan has concerns that large areas of Nowshera (district of KPK) would be submerged by the dam and even wider areas would suffer from water-logging and salinity. Further, as the water will be stored in Kalabagh dam as proposed Government of Pakistan, it will give water level rise to the city that is about 200 km away from the proposed location. Baluchistan is not directly affected by the dam as such, however, most nationalist Balochis claim the dam an instance of Punjab lording it over the smaller provinces. They have however, not included the dam in any of their state. Punjab needs more water to keep up with the growing population and industrial demands on its agriculture, therefore, the dam at Kalabagh would also supply cheap hydro-electric power to the whole country. The results of the study are of value to both academics and policy makers.

We are very happy to announce that from 29tht April 2017, Dr. Wassila Issaadi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electronics and Communication Engineering. The appointment of Dr. Wassila Issaadi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

This paper develops and tests the relationship between economic diversification and growth in Euro-Mediterranean countries. The analysis covers the period 1975-2013 in a panel data of 35 Euro-Med countries, and introduces a bootstrapped Granger-causality approach in order to analyze the unidirectional causality, and likely the bidirectional causality between economic diversification and growth. Overall, results provide robust empirical evidence of a positive impact of growth on economic diversification in most of developing countries benefiting from diversifying their economies in contrast to developed countries that perform with more economic specialization.

The effect of radiation on efficiency, retention of activities and stability of the activity during different exposure duration of radiation were studied. In the present work the effectiveness of gamma rays on the glucose and cholesterol oxidases are studied. We find that the last three dose (20, 30 and 45) minute of gamma ray have potential to cause global changes in the reducing enzyme activity. While the cholesterol oxidase activity was reduced after exposure to radiation at 10, 20,30 and 45 min. To investigate the stability of Glucose oxidase and cholesterol oxidase to radiation , different exposure time were preform, and the results show the tolerance capability of glucose oxidase was more than cholesterol oxidase when exposure to radiation for 10 min, the results shown that the activity of glucose oxidase was 0.506 U/ml, while the activity of cholesterol oxidase was 0.472 U /ml.

This study investigated the effect of problem solving techniques on secondary school students’ academic achievement in algebra. Two research questions were posed and three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design, specifically, the pre-test posttest non-randomized control group design. The sample consisted of 80 senior secondary school two (SS 2) mathematics students from two co-educational schools in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Achievement Test in Algebra (ATA), developed by the researchers and validated by experts, was used for data collection. A reliability coefficient of 0.94 was obtained using Kudder-Richardson formula 20. Data were analyzed using mean and ANCOVA. The findings showed that the students taught with problem solving technique achieved higher than those taught with lecture method. Gender was found to have no significant influence on achievement in mathematics though the females performed slightly higher than the males. In addition, no significant interaction effect was observed between gender and treatment. The researchers recommended among others, that problem solving technique should be adopted by mathematics teachers to help students learn mathematics more effectively.