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Mineral nutrient Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Calcium showed increasing trends with increasing nematode inoculum. However, Nitrogen and Phosphorus showed significant increase at 100 nematodes and above per pot where as Ca increase significantly at 10 nematodes and above levels per pot .Potassium and Magnesium did not showed inconsistent trends, more over Mg declined at higher nematode inoculum .Meloidogyne incognita increased macro nutrient levels in roots which left adverse impact on plant physiology.

A novel RF-MOSFET (Radio Frequency Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) model with PTM (Predictive technology model) for 90 nm CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology is presented. A simple and accuracy method is developed to directly extract all the high frequency parasitic effect from measured S-parameter biased at zero and linear region. This model is proposed to overcome some of short channel effects at nano-scale highly dopped drain and source based on the conventional small signal MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) equivalent circuit, RF (Radio Frequency) characterization of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) has been taken up in terms of RF Figure of Merits. The excellent correspondence is achieved between simulated and measured S-parameter (Scattering parameter) from 1GHz to 10 GHz frequency range.

The book Basic Communication Skills is prescribed for the First Semester Bachelor of Commerce students. A teacher reads out the conversations in Chapter 2 section (B) as there is no facility of playing the CD accompanying the book in the classroom. The students follow the conversations word by word in the book (only those who have the book and their immediate neighbours!). They underline the expressions used for denying permission with her help. She also helps the students to fill the blanks in the conversation on page 25 and asks them to practise the same.

Organizations, related to communication, and managers usually most of his time is spent communicating it. To create harmony between the human and material elements, in the form of a network of efficient, and effective communication is desirable, because when you lose, the activity stops. In fact, the management of construction work depends to communicate effectively. The world in which we live, is the world of communication. Communication and information searches audience is so fast that, in the heart of London or even in the farthest and most remote places on Earth also penetrated the heart and soul of the audience, and makes him aware of the associated organizations, with unstoppable speed continues to gallop ahead, and organizations into challenges. This research is descriptive method of analysis, the factors have been explored communication, research findings indicate that the Community can play a role in the survival and development organizations, and coordination they have, and can also be used in case of lack of control, and manage the effects of have negative and harmful. In this paper, enjoying the role of management, and management of communications systems reduce the effects of this widespread phenomenon, and it applied to corporate interests.

This paper presents the design style and analysis of ultra-low power digital system using reversible logic. Adiabatic technique is the one which uses reversible logic for low power system, this technique is implemented for the digital systems 4-bit, 8-bit adder-subtractors and also 3-bit, 5-bit BEC (binary to excess-1 converter) based on ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic) and PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) logic families which works with the professional four phase power clock. These styles have the profit of energy saving as it reuse the certain amount of the energy by recycling from the load capacitance thus reduces the energy dissipation. MOS level-11 Tanner-spice simulation has been used for the design of Energy saving adiabatic circuits with consideration to particular frequencies with the different load capacitance, and different supply voltages. In analysis, two logic families, ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic) and PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) are compare with conventional CMOS logic for Incrementors and adders. Also comparison of ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic) and PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) is done. In the analysis it has found that adiabatic is superior for low power applications in Cryptographic hardware for example smart cards, Digital Signal processing system and embedded systems at particular frequency choice.

This paper emphasis the automatic remote EB metering system using the existing GSM technology to reduce the human intervention, in order to save invaluable man time and to reduce the cost. This is fast, accurate and time saving. Though both analog and digital meters are widely used, in this work the existing analog reading meter with additional circuitry of IR sensor is used for demonstration. Nowadays GSM network is not only used mere mobile conversation, its applications are countless. At the end of every month or the date programmed in the controller, the actual readings (units consumed) will be sent to the consumer by the SMS (Short Messaging Services). ARM microcontroller has been programmed to govern all these works. A prototype system has been developed for experimentation.

For every human being there is no life without breathing. Respiration plays a vital role in all living beings. This respiration get affected by many factors. Particularly lung tumor causes major problem during inspiration and expiration. So it is necessary to develop a technique which gives detailed knowledge about the breathing dynamics. The techniques to detect lung tumours in process are invasive in some way whereas 3D modelling of lung will be helpful in detecting lung tumors which is a non-invasive technique. Thus, computer aided modelling of respiratory motion gains importance. In this paper we present an approach to model thermal expansion sensor using MEMS which helps to detect lung tumors in miniatureway.

In an effort to improve feed utilization efficiency, promote growth, and reduce production cost Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were subjected to five feeding frequencies: 2 times every day, 3 times every day, 3 times every other day, 8 times every day and 8 times every day (weekend off) for 56 days. Ten fingerlings of mean weight 1.3±0.2g were stocked into each of the fifteen 45L aquaria with 3 replicates per treatment. Fish were fed on commercial diet containing 56% crude protein at 5% body weight per day. The highest percentage weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in fish fed 8 times every day which were significantly higher (p<0.05) than all treatments except fish fed 8 times every day (weekend off). The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded for fish fed 8 times every day (weekend off) and 3 times every other day with values of 0.67±0.05 and 0.67±0.01 respectively. The best protein efficiency ratio (PER) was also observed in fish fed 8 times every day (weekend off) and 3 times every other day with similar values of 2.69±0.22 and 2.68±0.03 respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the proximate composition of fish carcasses among the treatments. This study indicates that Clarias gariepinus fingerlings could be fed 8 times everyday weekend off.

A new simple, rapid, reproducible and stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic method for the analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride in bulk drugs and from pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on aluminium precoated silica gel 60 GF 254 HPTLC plates with chloroform : methanol (80:20%v/v) as mobile phase gives a compact spot at Rf value of 0.42 ± 0.1 and enables excellent separation from its degradation products. Densitometric analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride was carried out in the absorbance mode at 216.0 nm. The correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.9990 ± 0.0007 with respect to peak area in the concentration range of 400-2000 ng band-1. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and recovery. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 100 and 350 ng band-1 respectively. Duloxetine hydrochloride was subjected to acid, alkali hydrolysis and oxidative degradation. The drug degradations were took under acidic, basic and oxidation conditions. Statistical analysis proves that the method is repeatable, selective and accurate for the estimation of duloxetine hydrochloride. The proposed HPTLC method can be applied for identification and estimation of duloxetine hydrochloride in bulk drug and marketed oral solid dosage form.

We are very happy to announce that from 20th January 2011, Dr.Amit Bhatnagar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Chemical Engineering. Dr.Amit Bhatnagar is currently working Faculty of Engineering University of Porto(FEUP), Chemical Engineering Department Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE) Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto Portugal. The appointment of Dr.Amit Bhatnagar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief