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The liver supports almost every organ in the body and is vital for our survival. Liver disease may not cause any symptoms at earlier stage or the symptoms may be vague, like weakness and loss of energy. Symptoms partly depend on the type and the extent of liver disease. Liver diseases are diagnosed based on the liver functional test. Though this disease cannot be predicted at earlier stage due to lack of symptoms and signs, in this paper we attempt to apply soft computing technique for intelligent diagnosis of liver disease. The classification and its type detection are implemented in three phases. In first phase, ANN classification is applied for classifying the liver disease. In second phase rough set rule induction using LEM algorithm is applied to generate classification rules. This rule induction overcomes the drawback of MLP and hence improves the accuracy. in third phase fuzzy rules are applied to identify the types of the liver disease. Using LEM algorithm 6 rules are generated with accuracy of 96% in correct classification. On applying rules generated by LEM, improves the classification accuracy by 6% compared to MLP. The 4 fuzzy rules are framed to identify the types of liver disease.

The vertebral arteries (VA) are most important vessels for posterior cerebral circulations. The anomalous aortic origin of the left vertebral artery (LVA) is relatively common congenital anomalies, incidence up to 84.8%. On the dissected human heart specimens with the aortic arch branches, we observed two different patterns of anomalous aortic arch origin of left vertebral artery. The unusual aortic arch origin of LVA was observed between the LCCA & LSA in one specimen and after LSA in another. The present study aimed to establish the concept of the embryological basis behind the common anomalous aortic origin of left vertebral artery.

The Fourier transform Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra of 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol (4C35X) have been recorded by using DFT calculations. The theoretical computational density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) was performed at 6-311+G** levels to derive equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities. The complete vibrational assignment was performed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED), calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. The Mulliken atomic charges and Dipole moment have been calculated. The first-order hyperpolarizability has been computed using quantum chemical calculations. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method for the molecule.

Most people see the telescope as the things for the movies, the science geeks and the rich and affluent, but are these feelings for real? This paper on the design and construction of an optical refracting telescope which is aimed at producing a low cost and portable telescope with less or no aberration effects using the materials we see around us every day goes a long way to answer the question that the telescope is for everybody that loves astronomy. Overall implementation of this work involves knowledge of the physics of optics; lenses to be precise. As a case study I used a double convex lens and the eyepiece of a microscope for the construction of the mini refractor telescope, my hypothesis is that using a double convex is better than using a Plano-convex because the two curved surfaces will cancel out the aberration effect of the individual sides. The resultant telescope was tested during the night and during the day and was used to focus objects at a distance of about 50m from the person with less aberration effect.

We are very happy to announce that from 16th August 2017, Dr. Gopal DIXIT has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Botany. Dr. Gopal DIXIT working as Sr. Asst. Prof & Head, Department of Botany, Upadhi PG College, Pilibhit-262001 (UP) INDIA. The appointment of Dr. Gopal DIXIT as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 24 May 2011, Dr. Naser Jamil Al-Zaidiyeen has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Educational Studies. Dr. Naser Jamil Al-Zaidiyeen is currently working as Department of English Language, College of Science and Humanities, Rumaah-Majmaah University, KSA. The appointment of Dr. Naser Jamil Al-Zaidiyeen as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 14th October 2017, Dr. Rohit Bansal has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Management. Dr. Rohit Bansal working as Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Vaish College of Engineering, Rohtak, India. The appointment of Dr. Rohit Bansal as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. 

Like a theater person. Disclosures have brought about changes in a person's life. Formed a personality. From the great poems of Ramayana, Mahabharata, and other social events, the stories are classified as Radhanata. The rural artists are depressed without encouragement.

This research investigated the effect of co-curricular activities on academic achievements of special educations students with learning disabilities in SMK Permata Jaya, Rengit, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. 20 students from special educations class session 2015 were selected for moderate level syllabus and another 20 students were using high level syllabus constituted a study sample. Each level of students taught by the same teacher was divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental groups were involved in co-curricular activities and the control groups did not participate in any co-curricular activity. They were two types of co-curricular activities which are physical activities and the other was like debates, speeches and drama. Raw scores of the students from the subject of Science test made up data for the study. Data analysis involved the use of mean scores and t-test of significant difference between two independent group means scores, supported by F-test of homogeneity of two independent group variances It was found that co-curricular activities had significant effect on academic achievements of the experimental groups.

The effectiveness of mitigation in EIA is vital in preventing adverse environmental impacts thus ensuring sustainable development. However, while EIA has been embedded within the development planning processes in many countries, successful implementation has not been evident in developing countries. Despite EIA being carried out on most development projects there still remains the challenge of implementation of EIA mitigation measures. It’s for this reason that the study evaluates level of implementation of mitigation measures for the selected projects and the utility of EIA mitigation conceptual model in enhancing the effectiveness of mitigation in EIA. A cross-sectional design was adopted to collect and analyse data. Data from thirty (30) EIA reports conducted between 1999 and 2016 were purposively sampled to provide information about the quality of EIA reports in terms implementation proposed mitigation measures. The modified EIS quality review package and mitigation guidelines were used to gather and grade the quality of EIA reports in terms of the impacts and mitigation measures. Regarding the practical implementation of mitigation measures proposed in the reviewed EIA reports, three purposively selected EIA projects, environmental managers, local communities surrounding them and field observations provided the required data. The key findings reveal that the level of mitigation implementation in EIA was partly implemented. Among the six mitigation measures projected, the proponent implemented fully two mitigation measures only relating to impact on land use and impact on soils. The other four mitigation measures relating to air quality and noise pollution control, health and safety, solid waste management and social and economic impacts were implemented partly. The findings of the three projects reveal that mitigation measures are inadequately implemented. The study concluded that EIA reports had shortcomings in impact identification and implementation of mitigation measures. The study recommended that active public participation of local communities can make the implementation of mitigation measures effective.