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The infrared and Raman spectra of L-cysteine molecule has been recorded in the nujol mull as well as in the aqueous solution in the range of 4000-400cm-1. The observed infrared and Raman frequencies are assigned on the basis of the theoretically calculated vibrational frequencies for the most stable structure of zwitterionic cysteine hydrated with six water molecules at B3LYP/6-311G* level. The electronic absorption spectrum of the cysteine molecule has been measured in solution at different concentrations and at different pH in the range of 400- 200 nm. It is observed that the electronic absorption band shifts with the change of pH as well as the concentrations. The TDDFT calculations for the same molecule (zwitterionic cysteine + six water molecules) has also been carried out at B3LYP/6-311G* level. The optimized bond lengths and bond angles for the most stable structure of cysteine hydrated with six water molecules were compared with those reported for X-ray data for cysteine.

Metal- ligand complexation in solutions was studied in water-methanol media by pH-metric titration with the standard glass electrode at ionic strength of 0.1M KNO_3. The titrations were carried out at various temperatures 35^oC, 45^oC, and 55^oC and the pKa values (stability constants) were determined. Copper (II) with benzimidazole gave pKa’s of 2.86, 2.52, and 2.46; Stability constant (logK) 338.80, 331.13 and 288.40 while Nickel (II) benzimidazole gave pKa’s 2.51, 2.60 and 2.38 and Stability constant (logK) 323.59, 398.11 and 239.85 respectively.  It was revealed that the stability constants of the metal complexes decreased as the temperature increases. Formation constants obtained for these complexes showed that metal- ligand ratio were in the range of 1:1 and 1:2. The thermodynamic parameters were also determined at the working temperatures and the results obtained showed negative ?H and Gibb’s free energy (?G) indicating exothermic and spontaneous reactions.

The negative implications of rising poverty and inequality have awakened research concern in recent time due to the perceived correlation between both issues. This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of the relationship between income poverty and inequality in Nigeria because few researchers have studied them together in past studies. The head count index was used to estimate the incidence of poverty while the Gini coefficient was used to estimate income inequality based on household data from a Living Standard Survey of households in Nigeria. The national estimates of the head count and Gini coefficient were 0.34 and 0.69. For the six geo-political zones, the estimates were North East (0.36, 0.81); North West (0.30, 0.76); South South (0.36, 0.66); South West (0.33, 0.63); North Central (0.24, 0.61) and South East (0.26, 0.57) respectively. The results indicated that poverty was highest in the North East (0.36) and lowest in the North Central (0.24). Also, income inequality was highest in the North East (0.81) and lowest in the South East (0.57). This study has revealed the positive correlation between poverty and inequality because results had shown that poverty was highest where inequality was also highest. Therefore to reduce poverty, efforts should be made to ensure reduction in income inequality.

Benzoyl Glycine (BG) an organic nonlinear optical crystal was synthesized and grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that the crystal belongs to orthorhombic system and crystallizes in the non centro symmetric space group P212121. Powder X-ray diffraction was recorded and the peaks were indexed. Absorption spectrum shows that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region. The functional groups present in the material were interpreted by FTIR spectral analysis. TG-DTA was performed to study the thermal stability of the crystal. Microhardness and etching studies were also carried out. The SHG efficiency of BG was 2.5 times higher than that of KDP.

Corrosion inhibition efficiency of newly synthesized Schiff’s bases viz. N-(4-N,N’ dimethyl amino benzal)-1- naphthyl amine (SB₁), N-(4-methoxy benzal)-1-naphthyl amine (SB₂) and N-(4-methoxy benzal)-2- amino pyridine (SB₃) for aluminium in HCl solution was studied using weight loss, potentiometric and thermometric  methods. Inhibition efficiency was found to be increase with increasing concentration of inhibitor as well as with acid strength. Results obtained by all methods have been found in good agreement with each other. Results revealed that SB₂ is better corrosion inhibitor than SB₁ and SB₃. Maximum efficiency was found 99.23% in 2.5N HCl solution for 0.4% concentration of SB₂.

In arid and semi arid area, irrigation is very essential for successful agriculture. Quality of irrigation water is an important factor of crop production .Whatever may be the source of irrigation water, some soluble salts are always dissolved there in these are mostly sodium, calcium, magnesium and some time potassium as cations and chloride , carbonate, and bi-carbonate as anions. Salinity hazard which is associated with high soluble salts in water and measured in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), water having an EC value of more than 2.25m.mhos/cm² is always unsafe for irrigation use. The alkali hazard is related to the development of alkalinity in the soil and is expressed as SAR Residual Sodium Carbonate is an indirect expression of CO3^-2 and HCO3^-1 of Na⁺in ground water. Based on the RSC value the irrigation water are classified in conclusion.

Electro Magnetic Interference (EMl) emission is always of grave concern for power electronic circuit designers. Due to rapid switching of high current and high voltage, interference emission is a serious problem in switching power circuits. Many products fail to make it to the market because of their failure to comply with the government EMI regulations. Numerous companies have cited EMI problems as the culprit in the delay of their product introduction; a new chaotic pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme is proposed and implemented to reduce the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) in power converters. Based on the analysis of constant frequency, Experiments have been made on a power converter. The experiment results show that the EMI spectrum is decided completely by the PWM spectrum, and the chaotic frequency-spreading has an obvious impact on EMI suppressing, compared with the other schemes. To chaoize a frequency-modulated signal which then modulates the carrier frequency. The proposed scheme not only suppresses the peaky EMI, but also avoids the occurrence of low-order noises and mechanical resonance.

The rupture of the Achilles tendon, so frequent especially in sports, has an impact which the increase was significant in the world and in our country in recent years, parallel to gain popularity in sports and the absence of means of prevention. In this retrospective study, we propose to evaluate different surgical techniques with the precision of epidemiological, clinical of the injury. This is a study of 49 patients treated between January 2008 and November 2013 in the service of Orthopaedic Traumatology CHU Ibn Sina in Rabat with a frequency of 8.5 cases per year. Our patients are divided into 47 men and 2 women, average age was 34 years with a maximum of cases between 30 and 50 years. Sports injuries were responsible for 51% of lesions with no predominance of the right side from the left side. The diagnosis was evident on clinical examination. All patients underwent conventional open surgery, the technique of Bosworth was slightly dominant. Two patients had a skin infection. No cases of postoperative pain or recurrent rupture occurred. The long-term results were evaluated according to the criteria of Mc Comis with a mean of 2.5 years. Thus, we found 95.9% excellent and good results and 4.08 of mayens results. The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body, the impact of his break has long been considered rare; the marked development of sports and leisure activities for the considerably increase. Treatment of ruptured Achilles tendon been no consensus in the light of recent clinical studies, it appears that for active patients and especially sports the treatment of choice is surgical, but the choice between conventional surgical techniques and minimally invasive remains debated. In Morocco, conventional surgical techniques are commonly used while in developed countries the minimally invasive surgery is becoming more and more its place.

Newly designed 2-azetidinone derivatives (4a-e) were synthesized in good yields and characterised by advanced spectroscopic studies. The title compounds were evaluated for qualitative (zone of inhibition) by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. Some of the analogues were found to have comparable or even more potency than the standard drugs. Docking study was performed to check interaction of synthesized compounds with the target DNA gyrase.

The -expansion method is predominant and useful mathematical tool for constructing exact traveling wave solutions to nonlinear evolution equations interweaved in mathematical physics, engineering, and physical sciences. In this article, we investigate solutions to the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and the (2+1)-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equations through the -expansion method. Abundant exact traveling wave solutions with arbitrary parameters have successfully been obtained by this method which are articulated in terms of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions.