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The in vitro antibacterial activity of flavonoid and alkaloid extracts of various plant parts of V. negundo and A. paniculata was investigated using Disc Diffusion Assay against four Gram negative (E. aerogens, R. planticola, A. tumefaciens and K. pneumoniae) and one Gram positive bacteria (B. subtilis). Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was evaluated by micro broth dilution method, while minimum bactericidal concentrations were determined by sub culturing the relevant samples. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 9 to 23.5 mm. A. tumefaciens was found to be most susceptible organism in the investigation against which all the extracts showed positive response. Stem free flavonoid extract of V. negundo and stem bound flavonoid extract of A. paniculata was recorded as most active extract as it showed significant zone of inhibition against all the tested pathogens. The range of MIC and MBC was recorded 1.25-0.039mg/ml. Results of the present study reveal that extracts of both the selected plants are showing great antimicrobial potential against tested pathogen, and may be exploited for future antibacterial drugs.

This paper focuses on the bidirectional associative memory its features and the future aspects and the current context of application. BAM is a type of neural network. Artificial neural network (Ann’s) resembled the human nervous system, with algorithms consisting of weighted interconnecting processing units (like neural map of the human brain). To address a particular problem using Ann’s, the interrelated connections are tuned and the value of weights between units is needed. Neural network is a new unexplored topic of interest for the computer scientists. Bam comes under recurrent types of network called Hopfield network. BAM is a resonance model, in the sense that information is passed back and forth between two layers of units until a stable sate is reached. The Hopfield network is said to be auto associative, because it uses a partial and noisy pattern to recall the best match of itself. BAM includes: ASSOCIATIVE NEURAL MEMORIES: Associative neural memories are a class of artificial neural networks (connectionist nets) which have gained substantial attention relative to other neural net paradigms. Associative memories have been the subject of research. NOISE TOLERANCY: This paper analyzes the sensitivity to noise in BAM (Bidirectional Associative Memory), and then proves the noise immunity of BAM relates not only to the minimum absolute value of net inputs (MAV) but also to the variance of weights associated with synapse connections.

The present study was conducted to investigate the association between some single nucleotide polymorphisms in hspa1b and hspa1l genes with the incidence of severe oligozoospermia in Iraq. Blood samples were obtained from Kamal Al-Samraee hospital for fertility, infertility and in vitro fertilization –Baghdad - Iraq .Blood samples were collected from 50 of severe oligozoospermic patients and 50 apparently healthy subjects (control group). Data related with age, smoking status and semen parameters (concentration, semen volume, sperm motility and sperm abnormality) were obtained using questioner forma for each patient. DNA was extracted from all blood samples by using Promega Kit ,then the extracted DNA was used for amplification of targeted fragments genes using PCR.PCR products were incubate with the restriction enzymes used in this study(PstI and NcoI ,respectively). Then subject to electrophoresis for identification the genotypes of rs1061581 G > A SNP in hspa1b gene and rs2227956 C > T SNP in gene. The PCR products of positive samples were sent for sequencing to confirm the results. . As related with rs1061581 G 0.05) higher in control group than in severe oligozoospermic patients (48 versus 40% ,respectively).Whereas , the frequency of AA genotype was significantly (p > 0.05) higher in severe oligozoospermic patients group than in control group (38 versus 24% ,respectively).G allele frequency was 52 and 42% ; and A allele frequency was 48 and 58 % in control and severe oligozoospermic patients group , respectively. As related with rs2227956 C > T SNP (hspa1l gene) , the frequency of TT genotype was significantly(p<0.05) higher in severe oligozoospermic patients group than in control group( 42 versus 34 % ,respectively) .C allele frequency was 41 and 35% ; and T allele frequency was 59 and 65% in control and severe oligozoospermic patients group ,respectively. It can be concluded that homozygous mutants (AA genotype in rs1061581 G

Voltage instability problems have become important issues in unbalanced distribution networks. In this paper, a new bus positive sequence voltage index of Vcollapse/Vbase-load is introduced to identify the weakest three-phase buses in unbalanced three-phase distribution networks. First, the proposed ranking index is validated based on grid losses and PV curves without and with compensation devices. Then, the index is utilized to place three-phase DG without and with SVC devices at the three-phase weakest buses of the modified IEEE unbalanced 13 node test feeder using the DIgSILENT Power Factory software. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the application of the proposed approach in improving voltage stability and increasing the maximum loading factor under unbalanced loading and/or network conditions.

Kashan playa, Located in the west of Central Desert of Iran, has been subjected to severe desertification problems. Most of these problems are due to human activities, overgrazing, sand dune mobility, soil salinity and ground water depletion. Monitoring desertification, land degradation and land cover requires rapid and accurate procedures. Remotely sensed satellite technology allows land degradation processes to be monitored over time. Two Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite images for 12 years period (1990-2002) with field observations were provided basic information for mapping of the extend and monitoring of the Kashan playa in central desert of Iran. Several change detection techniques such as image differencing, vegetation change analysis, principal component analysis and classification comparison have been applied to the data. Maximum Likelihood classification analysis showed a kappa coefficient accuracy of 86% and 82% for the TM and ETM+ images. Results revealed that about 35 % of the study area mostly salty lands and fixed sand dune has been rapidly changed. The overall rate changes of the desert lands and vegetation are about 7275 and 62 ha year^-1 respectively.

The Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are heterogeneous in nature and Call Admission Control (CAC) in NGWN is a challenging problem. User differentiation is becoming increasingly important to the service providers as Quality of Service (QoS) requirements vary amongst users. The number of users in the network is directly controlled by CAC and hence must be carefully designed to guarantee the varying QoS needs of users. This paper proposes a channel partitioning model for CAC in NGWN by taking into account the users QoS needs and the simulation results for the call blocking probability of different user classes is presented.

World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a condition of excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue to the extent that health may be impaired. Overweight and obesity are defined by body mass index for gender and age. The problem of obesity is confined not only to adults but also to children and adolescents. An increased intake of sugar sweetened beverage is associated with higher energy intake, weight gain, obesity and diabetes. Restaurant foods especially fast foods contain more calories, more fat per calorie and less fiber than homemade foods. Since junk foods are high in energy, excessive consumption of junk foods, coupled with lack of adequate physical activity may contribute to obesity. The aim of present study is to find out the macronutrient composition of energy intake among selected overweight/obese adolescents and to estimate the snacking consumption of the selected overweight/obese adolescents.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder which is characterised by pain and decreased Range of motion. OA is a disease process of axial and peripheral joints. It is characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage and by reactive bone changes at the margins of the joints and in the sub-chondral bone. It is a progressive disorder of the joints. Knee is the most commonly affected joints. Its management can be pharmacological, non pharmacological or surgical. Amongst the nonpharmacological and surgical management a very important goal of management is correction of the malalignment of the joint. This malalignment is because of improper loading of the knee joint and is responsible for a lot of symptoms and disease progression. This can be done conservatively by bracing, taping and shoe modifications. The purpose of this article is to review the existing conservative methods and techniques available to correct and manage biomechanical malalignments evident in knee osteoarthritis

Electrostatic discharge tester has been designed to measure the electrostatic discharge produced in the woven fabric in terms of kilovolts. Various types of fabrics have been tested for their static properties by using Box-behnken design and their values were analysed based on their influencing parameters such as rubbing cycle, pressure and speed. It is observed that the value obtained by the electrostatic discharge tester varies from cotton, silk and polyester depending upon moisture regain values. It has been found that the maximum static discharge value generated for polyester while testing was 3 kilovolts, which was comparatively higher than cotton (2.1 kilovolts) and for silk(1.8 kilovolts) .The optimum values and their regression, correlation co-efficient were also analyzed.

This paper interacts to explain ownership structure, post promoters holdings and Ex-ante information at the level of underpricing in the Indian primary market. The study is based on IPO that listed at Bombay stock exchange given that (April-1999 to Dec-2012). Multiple linear regressions are used to distinguish the relationship between various independent variables with the dependent variable, i.e. level of underpricing. Therefore, we used ordered probit regression to find the exact relationship of pricing mechanism (book build pricing mechanism) with the other variables. The outcomes reveal that, Firm’s age, book build pricing mechanism, ownership structure, retail subscriptions & market capitalization explained the degree of underpricing, These findings were more important to the retail and institutional investors, who likely to buy IPOs in the Indian primary market.