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The size and aggregation state of soil can be influenced by different soil management processes. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of three tillage practices; Manual clearing (MC), Plough tillage (PT) and Conventional tillage (CT) with vetiver grass strips (VGS) spaced at surface interval of 0 m (control), 5 m and 10 m. Soil samples were collected at (0-0.05 m) depth after each growing seasons in 2004 to 2006. Soil organic carbon was determined in the laboratory. Water stable aggregates (WSA) and mean weight diameter (MWD) were determined by wet sieving in 2004 to 2006. Soil organic carbon was significantly higher by 3.7 and 4.8%, respectively on both PH and CT than MC in 2005. Mean weight diameter was significantly increased on 10 m VGS than the control by 3.5% but similar to 5 m VGS. The result showed that tillage both (MC and PT) significantly increased water stable aggregate only in 2004 growing season by 20 and 16%, respectively. Appreciable but not significant increases in mean of WSA over the three years were 1 and 2.7% on 5 m and 10 m , respectively. The study showed that tillage and vetiver grass strips may have immediate and subsequent effects on soil aggregation.

Access to energy has been found to affect attainment of sustainable development of a country. Poverty, unemployment, and other developmental problems facing Nigeria have been traced to unavailability of energy for both domestic and industrial purposes. In recent times, government has been active in developing the renewable energy sector to meet the country’s energy need. But this has been hampered by many problems. This paper identify some of these problems, which include absence of policy, legal and regulatory framework, non-existence of framework for Power Purchase Agreements (PPA), weak institutional framework, high initial capital costs, lack of technical or commercial skills and information, public awareness, subsidies for competing fuels , and corruption, and ways of turning the situation around were suggested. The paper however concludes that if the government, private investors, research institutions, various agent of government and the general public can join hands together, these barriers would be overcome and adequate energy provided for the Nigeria citizen.

Introduction Bilateral asymmetric traumatic hip dislocation is a rare orthopaedic condition. Only few cases are reported in the literature. Most of the bilateral hip dislocations are posterior dislocation. In few numbers it is a combination of both anterior and posterior dislocation. We report such a case of asymmetric traumatic bilateral hip dislocation in an adult of 30 years of age. Case Report A 30 year adult male was presented to our casualty following road traffic accident with complaints of severe pain in the hips with deformity and inability to move. The right hip was abducted and externally rotated and the left hip was adducted, flexed and internally rotated. Clinically the right hip was dislocated anteriorly while the left hip was dislocated posteriorly. The clinical findings were confirmed by X-ray of the pelvis with hips. Reduced under general anaesthesia within four hours, both the hip showed concentric reduction. Conclusion Bilateral asymmetric dislocation of the hip, though a rare condition may present because of increase in number of road traffic accidents. Early diagnosis and reduction of the dislocated joint is the key to regain a normal hip joint and to prevent avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Key Words: Hip dislocation; asymmetric; bilateral; adult; avascular necrosis

Tuning proportional integral and derivative (PID) controllers for Isothermal CSTR system is proposed. The PID controller is designed based on internal model control and stability analysis principles. The proposed controllers are applied to stable transfer function models of isothermal CSTR carrying out Van de Vusse reaction. Simulation results on non-linear model equations of isothermal CSTR carrying out Van de Vusse reaction is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed PID controllers. The performance under model uncertainty is also studied considering perturbation in one parameter at a time. The performance of proposed controllers is compared with the direct synthesis method (Chien et al., 2003).

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death by poisoning in western countries. Certainly the neurological symptoms are the most common, yet the cardiovascular signs are considerable too and may be responsible of a significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore health professionals must be aware of its diagnosis, treatments and prognostic implications. We report here a case of a patient with a non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome with positive troponin related to carbon monoxide poisoning.

A variability analysis of some pedons formed on sedimentary parent materials in south-western Nigeria was made, and their potential for sustainable crop productivity was evaluated. Three locations (Eggua, Esan and Papalanto) were surveyed and sampled for the experiment. Three landscape positions (Upper, Middle and Lower Slopes) were identified and soil sample was collected at the depth of 0-30cm and 30-60cm for each landscape position for physical and chemical analysis in each of the location. Data collected were subjected to 2-Way Analysis of Variance arranged in a randomized completely block design with Location, landscape position and soil depth as factors and soil physical and chemical properties as variables. Significantly different means were separated using LSD at (P ? 0.05) level of probability. Descriptive statistical analysis was also carried out to evaluate measure of dispersion and mean for all variables. The variability of soil properties within and among pedons was measured by estimating the percentage coefficient of variation (%CV). The results of this study revealed that pH in water, pH in KCl, BS and BD had the least variation when compared with Na, ECEC and sand which showed low to moderate variation and TN, OC, P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, silt and clay which shows low, moderate, high to very high variation. Also results from the analysis of variance also show that landscape positions have significant (P ? 0.05) effects on P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, BS, Mg, Na, ECEC and silt, whereas, TN, OC, Ca, K, pH in water, pH in KCl, sand, clay and BD were not significantly influenced by landscape positions. Soil depth did not significantly (P ? 0.05) affect the availability, distribution and concentration of TN, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, BS, Ca, Mg, K, Na, ECEC, sand and silt. Significant (P ? 0.05) differences in OC, pH in water, pH in KCl, Clay and BD were observed with soil depth in all the three locations investigated.

The definition of the Drazin inverse of a square matrix with complex elements is extended to Con-s-k-EP matrices by showing that for any B and W, n by n respectively, there exists a unique matrix, X, such that for some positive integer k, , and . Various expressions satisfied by B,W,X and related matrices are developed.

According to Urban Lofgren King Lear is a tragedy by William Shakespeare which written in 1603 and 1606. It is based on Lear of Britain. He becomes retired and decides to divide his kingdom between his three daughters, the two of them who are the eldest ones show themself in love with their father although they were not. The youngest one Cordelia says her emotions honestly to her father, but her father base on the surface of their love, decides to give all his properties to two of them and ignore the Cordelia as a daughter. Metaphorically speaking, Lear is a blind to the fact that Goneril and Regan say false love and emotions in order to get rid of their father and gain more power. He has not realized what to do as a king of a big empire. Some believe that he is a madman from the beginning of the play with these childish decision and behavior. This is king Lear in a dark situation. He has nothing for himself, no family, no friends, no authority, no kingdom, no home and all reasons is his madly decision. Every person in this horrible situation become mad, for Lear as a king, suffering this irrational situations is impossible. In this study I want to describe the different aspects of King Lear madness and bring some information that show whether this madness is a real insanity or just a sudden behavior that happen for Lear. I hope at the end of this study, the readers can have a proper theory and get main points of this research. Shakespeare’s King Lear has a central and important theme which is madness. According to this play, madness is sanity for King Lear. In fact madness in reason and reason in madness is a aptitude statement for king Lear behavior through this play. There are many reasons to describe the effects of Lear’s behavior before, during and after his madness, to show what happens when he starts to believe his daughter’s tricks and false love. When he ignore the true love of Cordelia (his faithful daughter). When he decides to drift his empire a part bass on his emotions and daughters behavior. Lear’s madness is based on many elements such as disorder and hidden wisdom in which Lear’s blindness goes away and sees the reality of his life. He goes to his real madness by Edgar’s feigned insanity and discovers many points about himself during a storm in nature and in his mind. We can find different types of madness in this play, real, feigned and professional madness. As critical of Shakespeare’s work says, “Throughout the play Shakespeare also uses a background of bizarre weather conditions to emphasis the theme of madness.” It also says that Lear’s madness become worse when he decides to face the reality and true emotions and he to yes to keep his sanity. He obsessed with justice. “I am a man; more sinn’d against, than sinning.” (Act three scenes two, Lear). We can get this point that Lear becomes wise daring this madness. In act three scenes two, Lear ignore by his daughters and they throw him out is the violent storm, it shows the cruel nature of daughters. Lear stats to learn the process of his life, now he sees his horrible situation. He says “Here I stand, your slave, a poor, infirm, despised old man” he sees the injustice of the situation. In the storm, he is without any protection and that moment he sees he is going to be mad “my wits begin to turn”. He also starts to see other’s position and situation as well. He turns to fool and asks “How dost, my boy? Art cold?” (According to the writer of King Lear change ) Since Shakespeare is a well-known poet and play writer of England, I decided to work on his great play named, King Lear. I consider Lear’s madness during the play and go among reasons of his mad behavior and discuss the Lear’s inner turmoil and feeling toward the people around himself during in sanity. A big revolution in which Lear fined himself alone and unsafe that show the lack of his authority in his own empire. His authority as a king has encouraged him to be unreal man but madness changes him to be wise. He thinks that by dividing his kingdom, he becomes freer and his responsibility in old ages becomes less. But this decide, just forces him to be nothing. According to critical writers in Yorkntes web site, other renaissance dramatists use mad scenes for comic effect but Shakespeare use madness in a serious way in King Lear. Norman Maclean says, “History of the story of King Lear is a history of art, the history of men’s literary affection.” He says “the story fortunately there is a part that by assent is its most tragic region, the region where suffering takes on such dimension that Shakespeare could find no better word than “madness” to contain it. It brings readers to have both tragic art and tragic artist.” At the end of act II, storm happens for Lear, he experience a new kind of madness, he has an external causes for his madness, he tries his best not to get mad but when he sees the Edgar’s mad behavior, he becomes worse. These scene show the confliction of past Lear with the Lear through madness, the one who just think about his self with the one who is able to see others problems and suffering.

In this paper, a class of -valent - uniformly starlike analytic functions associated with a convolution is introduced and certain properties of functions belonging to this class such as a necessary and sufficient coefficient inequality, growth and distortion properties, neighborhood properties are obtained. With the help of coefficient inequality, extreme points for functions belonging to this class are derived.

The study focuses on work family conflict of expatriates. Extending the prior work on work family conflict, applying role theory and conservation of resource theory, the paper presents a theoretical framework regarding situations and conditions specifically related to expatriates that can contribute to their work family conflict as prior work on expatriates is scarce in this particular research domain. It investigates the influence that issues like role novelty, cultural novelty, spousal adjustment, and education facilities may have on the work family conflict of expatriates. The study also postulates the probable moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between these issues and work family conflict being experienced by expatriates.