Archives-March 2013

A second order partial differential equation occurring frequently in applied mathematics is the wave equation. A generalization of this equation inevitably arises in many mathematical analyses of phenomena involving the propagation of waves in continuous media. Here, we applied the wave differential equation to investigate and explain neural communication using the nervous system. On application of Bloch nuclear magnetic resonance theory, a linear 1-dimensional homogeneous second order partial differential equation, as a model, is obtained which represents a nerve set in a vibrational motion. Analytical results from the solution of the differential equation show that the transmission of nerve impulses is not a flow of electrons, as in the case of electric current, but a wave of electrical activity travelling along the neurone. A three dimensional pictoral representation of the results further explains the phenomenon clearly.

Introduction:The present research has aimed at exploring the relation between students' religiosity and their risk behaviors. The research statistical population consists of all male and female high school students of Rasht city in the academic year 2011-2012. Materials & Methods: A sample of 428 students was selected through a cluster random sampling procedure and the subjects replied to two appropriately valid and reliable questionnaires of "MA'BAD " and "high-risk behavior". Findings: The data gathered were analyzed through Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Multi-Variable Regression Analysis methods by making use of the SPSS software. The results obtained show that there is a significant (p < 0.05) reversed relation between the components of students' religiosity including "performing religious duties", "performing the recommended", "taking part in religious activities", and "involving religion in decision-making", on one hand, and their risk behaviors, on the other. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis shows that the three variables "performing religious duties", "taking part in religious activities" and "involving religion in decision-making" can significantly predict the students' risk behaviors. Discussion & Conclusion: Research findings also show that religious instructions can predict a decrease in the students' risk behaviors.

This study was an attempt to investigate the extent to which culture, national identity, and globalization are represented in reading comprehension materials currently taught for General English Courses at tertiary level in Iran. To fulfill this purpose, five General English textbooks were randomly selected from among the total number of twenty books published by Iranian writers throughout the country. Drawing on Byram's (1993) model of content analysis, the reading passages of the books were analyzed as the kernel sections of the books. The results of the content analysis revealed that the majority of the reading texts were culturally neutral focusing, for the most part, on scientific issues; and only a small number of texts addressed home culture and national identity; also, texts representing target culture and international culture were not numerous. Thus, conclusions can be drawn that materials prepared for General English Courses in Iran are not adequate for addressing national identity and raising cultural awareness, nor are they sufficient for informing learners of the target and international culture in the era of globalization and cross-cultural communication.

This study is concerned about the relationship of water quality parameters and aquatic life standards in Munzur and Peri River, Turkey. The rivers were classified according to water quality standards and the parameters were revealed the natural living conditions of fish in subjected ecosystems. Water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, DO, BOD5, COD, total hardness ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, Total Nitrogen, medium-P, chloride, sulphate, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, turbidity, water flow rate and biological parameters such as E. Coli, F. Strp., T. Coli of Munzur and Peri River were detected once per 3 months during 2008-2009. In terms of physicochemical parameters of Munzur and Peri River, both rivers can be classified as 1st class inland water according to the classification properties. In conclusion we revealed that Munzur and Peri Rivers are in good condition for aquatic life which is unique in this area. The natural of the area should be protected and saved for future generations.

Treatments with biologics drugs have become the order of the day for many diseases and ailments including cancer. Unlike the availability of small molecule generics at lower costs, generic versions of biologics are not available at costs that are affordable to the patients in the developing countries. This is mainly due to factors such as immunogenicity, interchangeability, and difficulties in the manufacturing and characterisation of these biosimilars. These factors also raise a question on the conductance of pharmacovigilance programme, since each version of biologic is different. In this review, we analyse the major issues and the regulatory mandates concerning biosimilars and discuss some recommendations for the pharmacovigilance programme.

The China is performing better than India in research. The status of research on medicinal plants in both the countries was studied using Science Citation Index (SCI) database. In this communication, we present a bibliometric analysis of Indian and Chinese research papers published on medicinal plants. The scientometics revealed that in spite of the poor performance in overall science-research, India is doing better in medicinal plant research.

With entrance spirituality and God to management and Organization field, as 21st century challenge, organization’s managers and leaders must confront with new phenomena. The role of spiritual leader’s is to incite and encourage human resource with use of spiritual vision and establishment of cultural context based on human values, to foster empowered, high productivity, committed, and motivated employees. This paper explains the influence of spiritual leadership on human capital in Delshad (an Iranian organization) company. The results of the research exhibit that there is a significant correlation between spiritual leadership and human resource development. Results indicate the positive and significant relationship between all kinds of spiritual leadership include vision, altruistic love, faith, calling, membership, organizational commitment and performance feedback with human resource development.

This study investigates the relationship between human capital management and employees’ performance. For measuring variables three separated questionnaires were designed and after proving their validity and reliability, distributed among participants. The results of applying Spearman test show positive and meaningful correlations between human capital dimensions with employees’ performance. Also Chi Square test illustrates no relationship between employees’ demographic characteristics and their performance. In continue by Binomial test all variables’ levels were surveyed in which all of them apart from employees’ creativity. And finally the results of utilizing fuzzy TOPSIS technique human capital indices were ranked in which employees’ abilities for management, learning technical employees and employees’ abilities to associate were selected as the most important ones.

Nowadays, the most important resource for organizations is human resource. Employing, maintaining and supporting employees are the key task or organizations’ leaders. So providing their job satisfaction helps managers to get organizational goals and objectives. The purpose of writing this paper is to survey the relationship between spiritual leadership and employees’ job satisfaction. To measure the research variable two separated questionnaires were designed and after providing their validity and reliability distributed among 234 people of Behnoosh Company. The results of using Spearman test show that there are positive and meaningful relationship between spiritual leadership and its dimensions with job satisfaction; meanwhile commitment was the most important criterion. No relationship between employees’ demographic characteristics and their job satisfaction was found by applying Chi-square test. Finally the results of Binomial test illustrated all variables apart from “altruism” were placed in appropriate levels.

Cloud computing is a new evolving paradigm to a wide range of users like individuals, businesses and governments to provide resources in an on-demand environment. Enterprises store their incredible abundance of data on cloud to reduce data management cost. In addition, an emerging class of entrepreneurs is taking advantage of clouds as they might not have enough finance to purchase resources or ensure the necessary security. As the data is stored on cloud service providers' servers, confidentiality, authentication and access control are the most challenging factors in data security. Cloud providers should provide adequate security measures on their data and applications. Cryptography access control architecture overcomes the issue of data security in cloud environment. In this paper, we illustrate a secure and robust cloud storage architecture by combining cryptography and access control with two layered encryption.