Archives-March 2012

Language as a representation of fundamental concepts and ideas has been studied and thought worthy Crystallized thoughts, beliefs and convictions of language in different kind of languages are one of the main foci which noticed in many humanity subjects. In recent years, our knowledge and understanding of multiple aspects of “relationship” has been increased because of many investigations of language behavior. (Wales 1990); translation process is a language process which is set between two languages so understanding and recognizing it is much harder and simple conception (the only means to ignore all the elements that are involved in any cases), regardless of background, effects of relationship and the position will be like a lion with not mane and tail. Author, reader and text have features that considering to them is necessary in understanding and transferring the text message correctly; we will have different complications, even if we believe that the translation is reversing the words and patterns because, because the set of elements and syntactic patterns are very extensive and each element has its own complex problems. Translation does not mean only entering new concepts of source language to the target language yea it is a cultural, social and communicational phenomenon that should be studied independently and descriptively. Translator slowly changes phenomena and creates the new phenomena such as the author that we often don’t recognize the meaning changes due to the collection changes.

One hundred and twenty samples of drinking water sourced from wells and boreholes from eight local governments that constituted Kaduna south senatorial district of Kaduna state, Nigeria were randomly collected and subjected to Arsenic elucidation using standard laboratory methods. The wells have the following mean results 0.33, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.28, 0.33, 0.34 and 0.35 mg/L while the result obtained from the boreholes were as follows 0.11, 0.11, 0.17, 0.13, 0.13, 0.16, 0.12 and 0.20 mg/L both from Jeba, Jemaa, Kachia, Kagarko, Kauru, Kaura, Sanga and Zangon Kataf local governments respectively. Both results were found to be above the Maximum Contamination Level of 0.01 mg/L set by World Health Organization (WHO) and agreed by Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) therefore, the two sources were found to be contaminated with abnormal concentration of arsenic and consumers are vulnerable to severe health hazards. The high arsenic concentrations was attributed to both natural and anthropogenic processes such, as erosion, present of rocks in the area, undersurface weathering, toxic chemicals, improper waste and sewage disposal, wastes from industries, agricultural activities and vehicular emissions.

Current study intended to explore cost of financial distress in case of Pakistani manufacturing ongoing firms listed at KSE. In doing so, financial distress is divided into operating distress and financial but not operating distress. Sample consists of ongoing firms that were at least once on distress counter for the period of analysis. To conclude the proposed theory descriptive and independent t-test for mean differences are used. It is found that firms bear opportunity loss before and after entering to both operating and financial distress. Moreover, results also show that operating distress affects more to firms’ value as compared to financial but not operating distress category. However, result for pre financial but not operating distress is found insignificant. In conclusion current study provides opportunity to all investors, management and other stakeholders to assess firms’ performances before and after entering to both operating and financial distress.

Alpha track detectors has been used for soil radon gas measurements at some faulted areas in Accra, Ghana aiming to advice the public on indoor radon gas. This was performed on forty two (42) sample pits within a 70 m X 100 m spaced grid at Dome-Kwabenya, District and fifteen (15) sample pits within a 300 m X 200 m spaced grid at Dunkonah, Weija district. Comparison method for determining uranium concentration with track-etch detectors was used for uranium levels at study areas. Soil radon gas which gets to the surfaces was estimated by monitoring radon gas 1 meter above sample pits. In the Districts, soil radon concentrations varied from 10.21 ± 0.46 kBq/m3 to 22.67 ± 0.68 kBq/m3 and 6.46 ± 0.36 kBq/m3 to 27.54 ± 0.75 kBq/m3 respectively. The estimated ambient radon gas concentration also varied from 575.97 to 1256.40 Bq/m3 and from 376.47 to 1470.80 Bq/m3. The ambient levels yielded an estimated annual absorbed dose varying from 10.90 to 23.77 mSv/y and from 7.12 to 28.34 mSv/y. The estimated effective dose was from 26.16 to 57.06 mSv/y and from 17.10 to 68.02 mSv/y.

The major component of wastes from uncultivated plants that constitutes environmental problems is seed. Artocarpus heterophyllus seed and Parkia biglobosa seed pulp were investigated for proximate composition, chemical and antibacterial properties of their oils with a view to exploiting their nutritional and industrial potentials. The crude protein, crude fibre and crude fat content were 14.02, 5.25; 1.23, 12.00; 26.5, 18.00 g/100g respectively. The high iodine value of the fixed oils; 1788, 1425 g iodine kg-1 oil respectively compared favourably with edible oils, while the high saponification values of 296.14 and 193.12 g KOH kg-1 suggested they are good feedstock for the soap industry. The seed and seed pulp essential oils could also find application as antibacterial agent to extend the shelf life of easily perishable food products.

This study aims to propose a normative model to determine the potential of cultural tourism in the municipalities that comprise the region 6 of the State of Jalisco, territorially delimited in the South of Jalisco. Firstly, it is conducted an anlaysis to determine the demand for cultural tourism to determine the cultural tourist profile under the assumptions that tourists especially motivated by culture, tend to travel longer distances than most tourists. It discusses the motivations and satisfactions of cultural tourists to establish the potential market in accordance with the characteristics of the target market in the Southern region of Jalisco. Any operation of cultural tourism companies should make the strategic diagnosis, so that explains the use of SWOT analysis as a tool for strategic planning of cultural tourism enterprises. Finally, we propose the development strategies of cultural tourism in this region of Southern Jalisco.

In India nature and pattern of industrialization has been undergoing complete change in the post reform era. In a market driven economy, survival and growth of entrepreneur will mean continuous up gradation and creation of the competitiveness in a globalised world, challenges of development of competitiveness are many. For this , the new age entrepreneur needs building up core capabilities constantly in order to improve quality of products, penetrate into new markets, creating brand images, sourcing new resources, upgrade skills and innovating new technology. While success of entrepreneurship much depends upon the technical and managerial skills, it also depends on his/her capability to process and organize resources efficiently. At present there are 350 SMEs clusters in India spread over traditional as well as modern sectors. Fast growing industrial states such as Gujarat, Tamilnadu and Delhi and NCR region have witnessed a large number successful SMEs induced by favorable state policies, market growth, both domestic and international market. Yet in vast majority of the areas, SMEs are not viable due to lack of technical knowledge, inability to access changing mood of the market, inability to bear financial and market risks. All these have constrained them to share the benefits of market economy. Due to inherent constraints embedded in size of operation, development of entrepreneurship in the SME sector is conditional to the development of favourable Government policies creating external economic environment.

The need of social gerontological studies is increasing due to rapid changes in life styles especially in urban area. With increasing facilities available in urban environment, the aged people can live without much support of other family members to certain extent. But after certain age and after some period of isolation, they feel dejected and this feeling of dejection leads to many physiological and psychological problems. While economically well to do aged ones are not having economic problems but they have other problems common to poorer people. A survey of the aged persons in Hubli-Dharwad Corporation Area including samples across different religious and economic groups is proposed to be undertaken. The proposed study will follow questionnaire method. It has been observed that the aged males feel more insecure about their future than the female counterparts, especially in getting help from children in their day-to-day life. There appears to be sex-wise difference in the economic impact, as females do not face much of problems as do the males. The married ones face less age related problems than the single ones. The role of family relations in solving the age-related problems has been discussed.

In this paper, to see the climate change on monsoon variability, the analysis of aerosol concentration, Global and surface air temperature over central Indian region and South West (SW) Monsoon season rainfall (June-September) variability have been study. For the study different set of data have been consider. The trend analysis of aerosol concentration and rainfall over different regions of India has been carried out for recent period 1981 to 2002. The analysis reveals that there is decreasing trend in aerosols concentrations and decreasing trend in West central monsoon rainfall goes hand in hand. To see the temperature effect in pre-monsoon months on monsoon variability the Principal component Analysis (PCA) technique is used. By using PCA the monthly temperature gradient series have been prepared. For analysis, the grid (1°*1°) point surface air temperature data taken from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia is used. The analysis is carried out for 105 years 1901-2006. From the analysis it seen that the North South surface air temperature gradient in month of May over the central India can be useful for seasonal prediction of monsoon rainfall over the North East India. To see the global warming effect on rainfall, the analysis of global surface air temperature 125 (1880-2004) years of data have been used. It is found that during warming or cooling episodes, there is a general below-normal rainfall activity over almost all the homogeneous regions expects the CNEI and NEI.

The study was carried out to assess genetic diversity among sixty sorghum accessions from the national germplasm collection using microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity and relationship among the sixty accessions were evaluated using 24 microsatellites. The 24 markers generated 64 alleles; the mean number of alleles was 2.773, indicating a medium range of diversity among the sixty sorghum accessions compared to other genetic diversity studies in sorghum using microsatellites, the average polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.575) gave an indication that the microsatellites are informative. Microsatellites cluster analysis resolved the sixty sorghum accessions into three major clusters. The percent similarity between the sorghum accessions ranged from 56% to 89%. Most of accessions clustered according to geographical site of the collection. Heterozygosity in the sixty sorghum accessions was very low .Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.0333 as against the expected heterozygosity of 0.4263 to 0.7708.