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The Madarsa system of education has been an important institution for education in India. However, the relevance of the system to import education as per the changing needs of the society has been still a debate topic in India. The majority of the Muslim girls are illiterate and low educated while their living conditions are poor. Moreover, most of the Muslim families cannot afford modern education and thus they are forced to send their wards to traditional educational institutions where fee charges are normal or free education is being provided. Which also correlates imdirectly to their quality of life. The government has realize the weakness of the system in terms of expediently to provide education to Muslim children which relevant from day to day needs of the society as result government has initiative Madrasa modernization programme. Many Scholorship and fellowship programmes have been redesigned to bring it at par with mainstream educational system in the country. Scholarships to the students of Madrasas are being provided to enhance their goodself. In the light of these facts the present study is designed to explore the impact of financial aid as scholarships on educational attainment & quality of life amongst muslim adolescent girls in Madrasas. The present study is empirical in nature and based on mainly primary data. The field survey has been conducted in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh. The sample covers Gonda, Rampur and Aligarh districts from Uttar Pradesh. In each Institution 15 scholarship awarded students have been randomly selected and interviewed. The sample size includes 3 districts, 20 Institutions and 300 adolescent girls. Our survey highlights that the scholarships significantly affect the educational attainment and their quality of life. Government tried their best to enhance the educational standard of Muslim girls. For this purpose government initiated scholarship programmes to uplift the status of Muslim adolescent girls in the society.

There has been recent upsurge, alleging judicial bias in sentencing process, especially in awarding capital punishment. Even Apex Court has admitted that doctrine of ‘rarest of rare case’ is not working properly. Taking note of that, few scholars blamed the very core of sentencing policy, and demanded ban on capital punishment. Their argument is precisely based on constitutional doctrine of ‘arbitrariness’, ‘equality’, and ‘fairness’. This work examines few of such allegations, and explains that non-implementation of ‘rarest of rare’ formula may be rooted in lacadiascal approach by the trial courts. However, the doctrine is, constitutionally unassailable.

Amit Chaudhuri's first Novel A Strange and Sublime Address won the Betty Trask Award (1991) and the Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book (1992) and was short-listed for the-Guardian Fiction prize (1991). In 1993, Afternoon Raag won the Southern Arts Literature Prize and won the Encore Award for Best Second Novel. Freedom Song was published in 1998 and won the Los Angeles Book Prize for Fiction (2000). His recent novel, A New World was published to great acclaim in the year 2000. His latest Book Real Time (2002), includes a number of short stories set in Bombay and Calcutta, some of which have been published in The London Review of Books, The Time Literary Supplement and The New Yorker. He is also the editor of the Picador Book of Modem Indian Literature published by Picador in 2001. He lives in Calcutta with his wife and daughter. The theme of the novel A Strange and Sublime Address deals with myriad impressions of life etched vividly in the consciousness of Sandeep, a Bombay based ten year old Bengali boy during the summer vacations he spends in the house of his youngest maternal uncle Chottamama in Calcutta. The random and banal occurrences of his day to day life such as baths, meals, outing, shopping, games, watching the adult routine, rituals, household chores and so on form the subject of the novel. Afternoon Raag tells the story of a young English Literature student at Oxford University, whose obsession with music is matched only by his equally obsessive memories and hallucinations. The ‘raag’ is not only an allusion to the musical tastes, but also a reference to the substance of the novel and its poetic and musical prose. The book might have got its title from an experience of an afternoon, when the narrator bought his first tanpura and tuned it with his Guru. The theme of his third novel A New World deals with the ordinary family life of Jayojit Chatterjee. The central character of the novel is Jayojit Chatteijee. He is a successful economist, a writer and university lecturer. He travels with his son Vikram to Calcutta from the United States to visit Jayojit’s parents for two months in the sweltering premonsoon season. Jayojit had recently finalized a divorce between himself and Vikram’s mother Amala. The divorce was stressful, but Jayojit and his exwife were able to reach a reasonable agreement concerning the joint custody of their son. Jayojit’s father a retired Admiral, has kept English as his language to perpetuate his membership of a ruling class. His mother busies herself with tasks done by servants in the days of plenty. Chaudhuri’s beautiful novels offer delicate tableaux of these characters. They whisper their visions to the readers with an eerie intimacy and power.