International Business

The introduction and appearance of Chinese brands in the international market is an emerging issue for Chinese firms. This paper highlights the challenges encountered by Chinese firms while moving towards original brand manufacturing (OBMs from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The study identifies that branding dilemma, the performance of Chinese firms in domestic markets, lack of government support, need of global distribution channel and marketing, technology backwardness and need for strong R&D activities are some important factors that are impeding the successful switching of Chinese OEMs to OBMs. The OEMs can convert these challenges into opportunities by effectively coping with them. The study also presents some recommendations to deal with the problems.

This study aims to bring forth some interesting research findings on an emerging field of entrepreneurial financing i.e. crowdfunding by focusing on the some recent advancement in the academic research. Since the inception of world’s pioneer crowdfunding platforms namely: Kickstarter, the scholars have turned their attentions towards this new emergent field of entrepreneurial finance. In crowdfunding, a vast number of people contribute in small proportions towards novel or innovative projects by using internet platforms. This study reveals that till now the research on crowdfunding mechanism has focused on developed markets; while the studies from developing markets are rare. Lastly, this study points out some interesting research gaps and provides future research directions. 

Objectives of the present study are to investigate empirically the impact of exports on economic growth of Indonesia. For empirical estimation of export function, simple log linear regression equation and the method of least squares have been utilized. Empirical results revealed that the impact of export is significant with positive sign during the study period. It means that due to promotion of exports, economic growth of Indonesia would increase. The findings of this study suggest that the policy makers need to expand volume of exports in order to achieve higher level of economic growth and improve social well-being of the community.

Paper is aimed to present information about the relationship of all three concepts namely corporate governance, business ethics and corporate social responsibility will be analyzed in an effort to identify and discuss their linkages to modern management implications.

The purpose of this article is to examine the broad contours of Eritrea-India relations in the past two decades, and in turn to stimulate further academic and policy researches with specific focus on the opportunities and challenges. To this end, secondary and primary sources have been thoroughly referred. Eritrea-India relation was formally established when Eritrea emerged as an independent sovereign state on May 24, 1993. Since then, both countries shared multi-dimensional relations, but with very limited results. India has provided manifold assistance to Eritrea in areas, such as agriculture, education, and science and Technology. India’s engagement with Eritrea also extended to technical assistance, training and capacity development under the framework of South–South cooperation. Recent development in trade and various investment initiatives are also a reflection of the new stride in the bilateral friendship. In addition, Eritrea has been hiring a great number of skilled labour from India. However, the bilateral relations is not always without estranges. Trade imbalance, restrictive monetary and fiscal policies and Eritrea’s more closeness to China are among other fault-lines. The balance sheet of the two states bilateral relations however proves the positive gains from the current diplomatic impetus. Finally, the researchers suggested to Eritrea and India to make more effort to bit back fences against the curve of evolving bilateral relation and avoid obsolete mechanism which is purely interest driven.

Reinvention of the mortgage market through the creation of a secondary market has been identified as one of the solution to the lack of funds that plague the Nigerian housing sector. There is however a set of institutional barriers that have created risk factors that are responsible for the high interest rates on mortgage loans in economy. This paper identifies some of these barriers as the requirement of Governor’s consent, revocation of right of occupancy, mortgage registration period and foreclosure period and the cost of foreclosure. It further reveals their nature in the present mortgage lending practice and makes recommendation to improve the practice in preparation for any secondary mortgage market operations.

Empirical studies on the short run and long run effects of the exchange rates on trade balance are classified in two groups. First group have used the overall level of foreign trade data between one country and the world, and second one (including this study and recent studies) have employed bilateral trade data between a country and its major trading partners. The present paper by using Auto Regressive Distribution Lags (ARDL) and annually data during time period 1979-2006 has analyzed the presence of J curve between Iran and selected European trading partners including France, Germany and Switzerland. The results obtained shows that the bilateral J curve hypothesis is confirmed in the short run but there is no evidence to support for the hypothesis in the long run. So, based on the results, the hypothesis is not completely confirmed. It’s mentionable that regarding to and tests, all coefficients are stable.

In this study, I explore the impact of self-efficacy of individuals on their job performance in the banking sector of Spain. In particular, this study explores different prevalent literature on self-efficacy and how it can lead to improvement or deterioration of individual’s performance in banks. The results highlight an important corporate level phenomenon. The results on the basis of robust statistical techniques support the proposed key arguments of the study.

Corporate Social responsibility is not a new idea, the importance and needs for this ethical and social obligation is tremendously rising with its full swing. There are a number of its implications which are paying more to the institutions as well as to the communities. There is a debate that it is the core duty of firms and industrial institutions to pay their respective return to the common public and the society as a whole where they are operating. The objective of the study is threefold: i) to determine the root causes and basic needs of corporate social responsibilities; ii) to determine the effects on social and other civilizations beard without its existences, and iii) to examines the inputs and efforts which are being offered in the past. The equilibrium of demand and supply of different determinants of corporate social responsibility is discussed. Investment & expansion of Tangible/Intangible Assets, Factory Plant, Equipment, Building, Process of Manufacturing, Inventories and wastages, are also included. The main research questions is whether the contribution of industrial development having showed some positive impacts on the society? The results are not in the favour of the social society, and we have to see why firms are enhancing their activities, and who is obtaining undue benefit from these unethical business activities. This study elaborates the serious social aspects, where all participants are showing their agreement and willingness. At the end, some conclusions are provided for further development providing a spark of ideas for further studies and investigations.

Economic sanctions can result in more than a 70% decrease in business activities in a sanctioned country. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to identify the strategies import and export small business owners use to sustain businesses under economic sanctions. The population for this study was import and export small business owners in the state of Khartoum, Sudan. General systems theory served as the conceptual framework and underpinned the study. The data collection included semistructured interviews and government financial reports. Adhering to an interview protocol, conducting transcript reviews of participants’ interviews, member checking, and methodological triangulation represented the measures to ensure dependability, trustworthiness, creditability, transferability, and confirmability of the research. The thematic data analysis involved data cleaning, uploading the transcribed interviews into qualitative data analysis software, reorganizing the data, coding relevant information, and methodological triangulation against financial reports from the Central Bank of Sudan and the World Development Bank Indicators. The results from the thematic data analysis led to the identification of some major themes, notably, innovative strategies to secure funding and increase business sustainability despite the unfavorable economic climate consequent to the prevalent economic sanctions. The consensus among participants denoted that creative strategies presented the only choice to overcome the adverse business climate. The study findings may contribute to positive social change as the knowledge from it may aid in the improvement of employment, the living standards, and the prosperity of small businesses and societies in Sudan.