Nuclear and Radiation

Radiation protection against short wavelength radiation have beeen studied by using Barium sulfate-Epoxy mixture. The outcome of this research showed a good new information about the ability of barium sulfate-Epoxy mixture to protect the humans and environment against short wavelength rays. There is an easy procedure, low cost and available materials to construct the shielding instead of that high cost shielding. Increasing barium sulfate ratios in barium-epoxy mixture leads to increased gamma ray attenuation with decreasing gamma photon energy. The results of high attenuation of gamma ray is due to the prevent of the ray to transimitted through the mixture. A new procedure for radiation protection are used in the labs and work places, which were used the radioactive materials. Short wavelength radiation causes hazards on health of humans and environment, the measurement of gamma photons transmission through barium-epoxy mixture are investigated. The count of CPS is done by maestro software after applying the mixture on cement block. There were two decay energys of gamma ray emitting at 59.5 keV and 26.3 keV. The scattering of gamma ray was studied at various angles.

The Einstein generalized general relativity Lagrangian dependent on the second derivatives of the field, when use together with poison equation causes the mass term in the Lagrangian disappear. This means that Higgs field which was proposed to generate mass need to be revised. The work also aimed to see how Einstein generalized general relativity Lagrangian can affect Higgs field.

To protect radiation infrastructure in Iraq, the uranium concentration in toothpastes of national market in Iraq has been measured. Five samples of toothpastes collected from market in Baghdad, for this purpose, which isAnper(from Iraq), Sensodyen(from England), crest (from Germany), Sanino(from Algebra) and Signal (from Egypt), which represent the most used in national market in Iraq. These samples due analyzed using nuclear track detectors technique type lexan detector. The measured values of uranium content found to vary from (1.07-3.57) ppm, which is equivalent in exposer dose in unit mSv were (0.113-0.3795) mSv. The value of uranium concentration is considering low and not harmful, especial the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP) annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv as a general public.

An evaluation of 238U, 235U, 137Cs and 133Xe in soils from two campuses in university of Douala-Cameroon using gamma spectroscopy based Broad Energy Germanium Detector (BEGe6530) has been performed. The mean activities in soils from Campuse 1 were 40.16±8.98 Bq/kg for 238U, 3.39±0.33 Bq/kg for 235U, 0.46±0.33 Bq/kg for 137Cs and 0.14±0.16 Bq/kg for 133Xe. In Campus 2, the mean activities in soils were 31.45±12.24 Bq/kg, 3.02±1.00 Bq/kg, 0.30±0.26 Bq/kg and 0.35±0.24 Bq/kg for 238U, 235U, 137Cs and 133Xe respectively. Using the In situ survey meter, the mean values of the absorbed dose rate measured was 71.43 nGy/hr for Campus 1 and 62.72 nGy/hr for Campus 2. The evaluated average outdoor effective dose for Campus 1 and 2 were 87.60 µSv/yr and 76.93 µSv/yr respectively. The overall results obtained in this work were generally low compared to that of UNSCEAR.

In this paper, we report the effective atomic number and effective electron densities of some inorganic compounds at three scattering angles 600, 800 and 1000 on a goniometer assembly for Compton Effect in the gamma energy range 280keV to 1115keV. An ORTEC model 23210 gamma-x high purity germanium detector (HpGe) has been used to record the data along with a personal computer based MCA in the angular region 500-1100. It is observed that the effective atomic numbers can be obtained by simply adding the Z-values of the constituent elements as per the chemical formula of the compound in accordance with the literature [5]. The results so obtained with respect to the inorganic samples of interest that the effective atomic number and effective electron densities are first of their kind at these energy ranges and are expected to be important in a variety of applications of Radiation Physics and Chemistry.