Dentistry

Tooth eruption is an important, complex and highly regulated process. It involves signaling from a large number of genes and molecules. This review outlines the possible mechanism of tooth eruption right from its development in the bony crypt to its eruption till the occlusal level. Active tooth eruption starts from intra-osseous stage when there is formation of eruption pathway. Colony stimulating factor (CSF-I)and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) plays an important role in osteo- clastogenesis. Inhibition of osteoproteigrin (OPG) transcription and enhancement of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is important . Paracrine signaling by parathyroid hormone-related protein(PTHrP) and Interleukin-1?produced in stellate reticulum may also play a role in regulating eruption. Wnt/?-catenin signaling plays a critical role in bone formation and regeneration and thus tooth eruption. Correct understanding of this important event is needed to diagnose and treat disorders of tooth eruption.

The present case involves the management of severe tooth wear in elderly patient using a multidisciplinary treatment approach, which includes full mouth rehabilitation to restore upper and lower generalized tooth wear due to attrition, re- treatment of failing root treated teeth, stabilizing localized periodontal problem, restoring the missing multiple upper teeth (sparse dentition) and management of bruxism. The treatment provided include non- surgical management of localized moderate chronic periodontitis affecting the posterior teeth, re-root treatment of the lower anterior teeth, direct resin composite restorations at an increased occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) and an upper removable cobalt-chromium partial denture (overdenture) with tooth 24 and 28 as abutments. Finally a lower soft splint was given to protect the restorations and remaining dentition due to bruxism.

Supernumerary teeth are one that is additional to the normal series and can be found in any region of dental arch. They duplicate the typical anatomy of posterior and anterior teeth, whereas rudimentary supernumerary teeth are dysmorphic and can presume conical forms, tuberculate form, molariform or odontome. They may be single or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, erupted or unerupted, and one or both jaw. The aim of this report is to present a case of a 13 year old boy with a mesiodens associated with maxillary anterior proclination.

Plastination is a technique for the preservation of human and animal tissues of body parts for teaching and research. it used more than 40 medical and dental colleges in throughout the world. The plastinated specimens are more use full in the field of anatomy, pathology and surgery and all so the plastinated specimens can be displayed in all museums for the public. Keywords: Plastination, preservation, anatomy, pathology, specimens.

Trismus is a common presentation by the patient in routine dental practice. This condition causes difficulty in opening mouth which in turn impairs eating, interferes with oral hygiene, restricts access for dental procedures, and may adversely affect speech and facial appearance. Trismus has number of potential causes and is important to recognize the underlying cause for effective management of this condition. This article is mainly for those dentists who feel trismus as one of the most difficult problem during day to day practice.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory immunologic-based disease involving skin and mucosa. Many etiologic factors are deliberated regarding the disease; however, the disorders of immune system and the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and monocytes are more highlighted. Zinc is an imperative element for the growth of epithelium and its deficiency induces the cytotoxic activity of T-helper2 cells which seems to be associated with lichen planus. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum zinc in oral lichen planus (OLP) and compares it with the healthy control group to find out any feasible inference. A total of 20 patients with oral lichen planus and 20 healthy individuals as the control group were recruited in this descriptive-comparative study. All the participants were selected from the referees to the department of oral medicine, school of dentistry, Shiraz University of medical sciences. Serum zinc level was examined for all the individuals with biochemistry method with LTA kit [LTA. S.r.L-S.U-Via Milallo, 15/f-20060 Bassero (Milano) Italia]. Data were analyzed by adopting the t test and chi square tests through SPSS 17 statistical software. The mean age of patients with OLP and the healthy control group was 45.4 and 30.9 years respectively. The mean serum zinc levels in the oral lichen planus groups and control groups were 92.49 , 84.94 ?g/dl respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Based on our results, it does not seem the serum zinc level relate to oral lichen planus.

Desquamative gingivitis is a fairly common disorder, with wide range of causes. It is clinically characterized by erythematous and desquamative involvement of the free and attached gingiva. It may be the initial symptom of the underlying disorder, and patient may report to the general dental practitioner or subject specialist with specific signs and symptoms.. The presence of plaque induced gingival inflammation may exacerbate the condition, mask histological features of the underlying disorder, and can lead to delay in diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The present report describes case of desquamative gingivitis and its management.

Facial beauty is becoming more and more important worldwide. This is defined as being close to what is advertised as attractiveness (for example by media) and is determined mainly by golden proportions. This study aimed to observe the soft tissue facial angular and proportional norms of South Iranian population attending Shiraz Dental School's clinic. Methods and material: Seventy subjects (34 males and 36 females; 16-30 years of age)with Persian origin who had a skeletal class 1 pattern and almost well-aligned maxillary and mandibular dental arches who participate in this cross-sectional study were selected from patients attending Shiraz Dental School's orthodontic clinic in 2013. Standardized frontal facial view digital photographs were taken from subjects and traced. Four angular and eight proportional facial variables were analyzed by using Autocad software. For statistical evaluation a Student’s t -test was used and the reliability of the method was assessed by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient within a four week interval. Results: Men had a higher facial asymmetry, a higher Facial Index, a higher proportion of the distance between inner canthus of the eyes divided by the mean of the width of the right and left eyes, and a lower facial aperture modified angle average than females. Conclusion: The average measurements of most facial variables of this study's population deviated from the ideal values suggested in texts and from those of the Brazilian Caucasian population. 

Introduction: Coordination and team work between periodontists and orthodontists plays vital role to boost clinical outcomes of mutual therapies concerning interdisciplinary. Furthermore, imprints on orthodontic therapy by reduction in usual treatment time and resisting anchorage loss Methods: Teamwork of orthodontia and periodontia specialties can create imprints to improve periodontal health as a result of orthodontic treatment. However, equal and reciprocal important that maintenance of periodontal health boosts orthodontic treatment success. Hence, it clears that, interdisciplinary approaches of periodontology and orthodontia plays major role in existing treatment alternatives like periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). Results: PAOO technique may defined as modified decortication with bone grafting augmentations to facilitate faster orthodontic treatment outcome than conventional approaches with least trauma to root and underlying and associate structures. This technique utilizes natural bone remodeling process i.e.( transient nature of demineralization-remineralisation process in healthy tissues). Implications of PAOO technique in healthy hard and soft (bone and periodontium) tissue leads to supplementary advantages like reduced orthodontic treatment time, increased bone volume and post-orthodontic stability. Conclusion: Pedestal of existing literature, our aim is to present a comprehensive knowledge and idea of PAOO technique for clinician and readers.

Tongue is one of the most important organs in the oral cavity which has significant roles in different functions such as speaking, mastication, swallowing, breathing, etc. The tongue may be influenced by internal diseases sooner than other organs and also may be involved in some abnormalities such as developmental, genetical and environmental. This study has been performed to determine the frequency of seven tongue abnormal conditions in patients attended in the Screening Clinic of oral medicine department of dental school in Shiraz, Fars providence, Iran. A total of 112 adults that aged between 15-58 years old were clinically examined punctilious observation using dental mirror and proper light. The prevalence of tongue anomalies were evaluated and analyzed according to form, age, sex and systemic condition using chi-square method. Tongue lesions were seen in 19patients (16.9 %) and the most prevalent lesion was geographic tongue(5.4%) followed by fissured tongue(2.6%), combination of both(2.6%), atrophy of tongue papilla(1.7%), coated and hairy tongue (2.6%), oral lichen planus (0.89%) and finally macroglossia(0.89%). Respectively a correlation was found between the occurrence of fissured and geographic tongue. A correlation was found between hairy tongue and smoking. Familial history was also seen in some patients. Emotional stresses relate to lichen planus and geographic tongue. Tongue anomalies and abnormal conditions were more prevalent and occasionally may be related to systemic problems so complete oral and specially tongue examination is necessary.