Dentistry

Horseradish peroxidase is a comprising enzyme which can be appropriate to oxidoreductases and is intricate in degradation of definite intractable organic complexes like phenol and substituted phenol via free radical polymerization. Peroxidase was extracted and purified from horseradish using ammonium sulphate for dialysis, gel filtration and precipitation chromatography. Spectrophotometer was used for assay of horseradish peroxidase in this present research. Horseradish peroxidase increased activity from 5.211 to 9.246 U/ml by purification. It gained 29.67 folds purification at this final step. In addition to its beneficial in characterization of glucose in blood; moreover it can destroy microbial strains.

Smile is an expression that exhibits a feeling of joy, success, sensuality, affection, and reveals self-confidence and kindness. The harmony of the smile is determined not only by the shape, the position, and the color of the teeth, but also by the gingival tissues. In case the gingival tissues do not exhibit harmony with that of smile the individual loses self-confidence. The maintenance of esthetics in the anterior zone is important and especially if the patient is female the importance increases. The present case report, highlights the importance of perio-esthetics in maintaining the harmony of the gingival tissues.

Periodontal regenerative therapy aims to predictably restore the tooth’s supporting periodontal tissues and should result in formation of a new connective tissue attachment (i.e. new cementum with inserting periodontal ligament fibres) and new alveolar bone. Numerous clinical trials have shown positive outcomes for various reconstructive surgical protocols. Reduced probing depths, clinical attachment gain, and radiographic bone fill have been reported extensively for intrabony and furcation defects following scaling and root planing, open flap debridement, autogenous bone grafting, implantation of biomaterials including bone derivatives and bone substitutes, guided-tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures, and implantation of biologic factors, including enamel matrix proteins. The present article aims at providing an overview on basic principles of periodontal regeneration, various materials being used and recent techniques in periodontal regeneration and factors influencing the outcome.

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute mucocutaneous disease which has been associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and drugs. This report presents a case of EM minor with a prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A 19-year-old male, a military recruit, reported with a chief complaint of multiple, diffuse, painful oral ulcerations for more than 3 days. An intraoral examination showed multiple large ulcers on the bilateral lateral borders and ventral surface of the tongue, bilateral buccal mucosae, and gingivae. “Target” lesion was found on the skin surface of his body or extremities. The patient was treated with corticosteroids. A follow-up oral examination revealed that all oral ulcers had completely cleared up after the 7-day corticosteroid treatment. One year after treatment, the patient remained disease-free. We concluded that EM is a mucocutaneous disease that requires a prompt and precise diagnosis. Once the disease is confirmed by the clinical presentation, it usually dramatically responds to treatment with a medium or high dose of corticosteroids. Key words: erythema multiforme, target lesion, corticosteroids.

In the pediatric population, the incidence of maxillofacial trauma accounts for 1-15%, out of which mandibular fractures ranges from 5% to 50%. Mandibular fractures occur rarely in newborns and infants, as the ramus and condyle are rudimentary in form at this stage and temporomandibular joint is poorly developed. These fractures (ramus and condyle) are common in adults, but not in children, as in young age the space between the developing condyle and the glenoid fossa cushions a blow to the mandible. The leading causes of these fractures are fall from height (64%), motor vehicle collisions (22%), and sports-related injuries (9%). The examination of facial fractures in pediatric patients is challenging both clinically and radiographically, due to extensive soft tissue injury and developing dentition which obscure the fracture lines. In recent years, the use of CT imaging for radiographic examination of pediatric maxillofacial fractures has been quite helpful as it provides detailed assessment and identification of suspected injuries. The management of maxillofacial fractures in children present with unique challenges and complications such as ankylosis, growth restrictions and associated malocclusion may occur. So, a proper treatment algorithm need to be proposed, stratified by dentition stage in order to optimize outcomes for children.

Background and Objectives: Periodontal flap surgery to eliminate pockets may result in unpleasant consequences such as pain, bleeding and difficulty in eating. The goal of this study was to evaluate the local application of Persica mouthwash mixed with periodontal dressing for a direct and maximal impact on the surgical wound. Materials & Methods: A split-mouth study design was performed on 30 patients who had moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and were periodontal surgery candidates. The Persica-containing dressing was applied to case side and compared to the dressing containing Serum Physiologic Solution on the control side according to the interdental bleeding index, postoperative pain and discomfort during eating, and the data were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: In all cases evaluated, the Persica mouthwash application brought about more unfavorable results than the control dressing (p? 0.05). Conclusions: addition of Persica mouthwash to periodontal dressing has adverse effects on surgical wound healing and therefore is not recommended.

Eikenella corrodens (E. corrodens) is one of the main bacteria responsible for halitosis due to its metabolism of amino acids, which produces volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). High demand for new antibiotic formulations, due to increased resistance to the available types, has triggered attempts to find plants with antibiotic properties. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EC) and Mentha spicata (MS) essential oils on E. corrodens. The antibacterial efficacy of EC and MS against E. corrodens was evaluated using the well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EC and MS essential oils against E. corrodens were determined using the broth microdilution method. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Student’s t tests. The mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone was 8.8 ± 0.837 mm for MS and 16 ± 4.637 mm for EC. The MIC values were 0.55 and 0.45 mg/mL for EC and MS, respectively. The MBC values were 1.8 and 2.4 mg/mL for EC and MS, respectively. Based on our findings, MS and EC essential oils possess bacteriostatic properties against E. corrodens. Mouthwashes containing EC and MS essential oils may effectively eliminate bad breath.

Dilaceration can be seen in both the permanent and deciduous dentitions, and is more commonly found in posterior teeth. Periapical radiographs are the most appropriate way to diagnose the presence of root dilacerations. The controlled regularly tapered preparation of the curved canals is the ultimate challenge in endodontics. Careful and meticulous technique will yield a safe and sufficient enlargement of the curved canals. This article gives a two interesting case reports of root dilacerations and its management endodontically by using both hand and rotary instruments.

Tooth wear or tooth surface loss is a term used to define surface loss of dental hard tissues from causes other than developmental ones, dental caries and trauma 1. Often tooth wear is always presented with myriads of clinical presentation such as erosion, attrition, abrasion and abfraction. It is crucial to understand the definition of each tooth wear aetiology and identify them during clinical examination. As this will affect the clinical management of the patients and their treatment outcome later. In the present article, the focus is placed on dental erosion in bulimic patient. Dental erosion is the irreversible loss of dental hard tissue caused by chemical process of acid dissolution but not involving bacterial plaque acid, and not directly associated with mechanical and traumatic factors, or even dental caries. 

Tooth eruption is an important, complex and highly regulated process. It involves signaling from a large number of genes and molecules. This review outlines the possible mechanism of tooth eruption right from its development in the bony crypt to its eruption till the occlusal level. Active tooth eruption starts from intra-osseous stage when there is formation of eruption pathway. Colony stimulating factor (CSF-I)and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) plays an important role in osteo- clastogenesis. Inhibition of osteoproteigrin (OPG) transcription and enhancement of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is important . Paracrine signaling by parathyroid hormone-related protein(PTHrP) and Interleukin-1?produced in stellate reticulum may also play a role in regulating eruption. Wnt/?-catenin signaling plays a critical role in bone formation and regeneration and thus tooth eruption. Correct understanding of this important event is needed to diagnose and treat disorders of tooth eruption.