Pharmacy

A child with ADHD, (Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder), can derive great benefits from playing checkers during therapy. The therapist can assess the child’s ability to stay seated, wait his turn, pay attention to detail, sustain that attention, as well as how the child reacts to victory or defeat, (getting what they want or not getting what they want). When starting therapy, to talk about what is bothering him or her. The child is in a strange place, meeting with a therapist who is a stranger. The combination of these two factors can be overwhelming and intimidating to a child. Play therapy can be the best method for building rapport with any child. Play therapy can train a child to take what he learns in counseling and use the acquired skills in other areas of life. A game as simple as checkers can accomplish this. The results obtained from a study done on the children of 4-12 years old with ADHD indicated that game therapy method based on concentration-kinesthetic practices which is a combination of puzzle, riddle, story-telling in the form of feeling expression, game lines table design and application of distance reinforcement in these games, along with medication therapy can be helpful to modify and control behavior afflicted with ADHD, and although medication therapy can have less effects on treatment process, it cannot by itself play successful roles in treatment, modification and control of such behavior in this group of children.

Topical drug delivery system is most preferred due to avoidance of first pass metabolism and gastro-intestinal incompatibility. Microemulsion is the most frequently preferred carrier systems for NSAIDs which are used in treatment of arthritis. This new drug delivery approach is jointly aiming at minimizing drug dose, diverting drugs to the target tissue by increased permeation, and enhancing efficacy in patients. In this work, the pseudo-ternary phase diagram were constructed using Tween 80, Ethyl oleate, Propylene glycol and water. Different batches of microemulsions were prepared by phase titration method. The batch which showed maximum in vitro drug release was formulated into gel using various concentration of polymer. EO was used as the oily phase of microemulsion due to powerful solubilization and permeation enhancing effect for Flurbiprofen. 0.75% carbopol 940 was considered as optimum gel matrix. Optimized batch of microemulsion gel was evaluated for pH, spreadability, % Drug content, Droplet size and Polydispersity-Index. The optimized batch was compared with marketed gel (5% gel). The in vitro permeation studies revealed that the prepared microemulsion-gel could be used as a potential carrier for the topical delivery of Flurbiprofen due to its permeation enhancing ability.

Anticonvulsants are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. The goal of an anticonvulsant is to suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons that start a seizure. The use of current antiepileptic drugs has been questioned due to the non selectivity of the drugs and the undesirable side effects posed by them. This lead to the search for antiepileptic compounds with more selective activity and lower toxicity continues to be an area of investigation in medicinal chemistry. Semicarbazones are compounds which are synthesized by the condensation of semicarbazide and aldehydes/ketones. The literature survey revealed that semicarbazones had been emerged as a compound with broad range of activities including anticonvulsant, antitubercular, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. In this review chemistry and anticonvulsant activity of semicarbazone analogues are discussed.