Pharmacy

The purpose of the study was to prepare spherical agglomerates (SA) of Tolfenamic acid (TA) by solvent change method. Crystallization medium used for spherical agglomerates of Tolfenamic acid consisted of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), Water and chloroform. The presence of solvents residuals in SA was determined by Gas chromatography and particles were characterized by DSC, FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The respective solubility study and dissolution behavior studies were carried out. The samples were stored in stability chamber to investigate their physical stabilities. Residual Solvents in SAs were found to be within the limit and exhibited decreased crystallinity as well solubility and dissolution of the spherical agglomerates was improved than commercial sample of Tolfenamic acid. In stability study, it was found that physical properties and release profile of the spherical agglomeration was unaffected for 6 months. Hence this technique can be used to obtain modified drug raw material for formulation of tablets of Tolfenamic acid by direct compression with directly compressible tablet excipients.

Stress may be considered as any physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental unrest and that may be a factor in causing disease. Physical and chemical factors that can cause stress include trauma, infections, toxins, illnesses, and injuries of any sort. Emotional causes of stress and tension are numerous and varied. While many people associate the term stress with psychological stress, scientists and physicians use this term to denote any force that impairs the stability and balance of bodily functions. Relaxation techniques are an essential part of stress management. If you're an overachiever, you may put relaxation low on your priority list. Don't shortchange yourself. There are active ways of achieving relaxation. Relaxation is invaluable for maintaining your health and well-being, and repairing the toll that stress takes on your mind and body. Almost everyone can benefit from learning relaxation techniques. Relaxation techniques help to slow your breathing and to focus your attention on the here and now. The concept of enjoying the moment we are living in, rather than being worried about what could happen in the future. Common relaxation techniques include meditation, mindfulness, tai chi and yoga. For a more active approach, walking outdoors or participating in a sporting sports activity can be relaxing

This study was undertaken to determine the anthelmintic activity of some of the selected plants like Eleusine coracana, Cephalandra indica and Colocasia esculenta commonly consumed by different tribals of Ganjam, Odisha-India for nutritional purposes using in vitro biological models like tapeworms (Raillietina spiralis), roundworms (Ascardia galli) and earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) where Albendazole and Piperazine citrate were used as reference standards. It was revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of Eleusine coracana was most potent which was well comparable with both standard drugs followed by ethyl acetate extract of other two plants, but at little higher doses. Methanolic and petroleum extracts of all these plants were endowed with minute anthelmintic property, which were not up to the standards. The present study enlightens the potential usefulness of those selected plants as good anthelmintic agents.

Metoprolol tartrate is effective ?-blocker which is having antianginal properties and used in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Oral bioavailability of metoprolol tartrate is around 40%. In present work an attempt has been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of metoprolol tartrate to enhance the dissolution rate. Sublimation method . The values of pre-compression parameters evaluated were within prescribed limits and indicated good free flowing property. In all the formulations, friability is less than 1%, indicated that tablets had a good mechanical resistance. Drug content was found to be in the range of 98 to 102%, which is within acceptable limits. In sublimation method, camphor is used as subliming agent. All the tablets of metoprolol tartrate were subjected to weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro dispersion, drug polymer interaction, drug content uniformity, and in vitro drug release The drug release from tablets of metoprolol tartrate prepared by sublimation methods were found to be S1 showed 98.20% drug release within 10 minute. It is concluded that Metoprolol Tartrate mouth dissolving tablets could be prepared using sublimation technique with improved bioavailability and rapid onset of action.

A questionnaire, interview survey of 320 patients was made in Peshawar, Pakistan to study the severity of beta thalassaemia on different aspects. The study revealed that it was common in male than female. The other things were that inter family marriages played an important part. The average family income was very less as compared to the family members and the expenditure of the treatment. The analysis showed that the father income is associated with the knowledge about thalassaemia and education. It was also revealed that the disease was more common in positive blood groups.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common and significant chronic endocrine disorder affecting approximately 200 million individuals worldwide. The Research objective was phytochemical investigation and anti-diabetic activity of polar/non-polar solvent extracts of Urtica parviflora leaves. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical tests and steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides and tannins and phenolic compounds were found to be present. The presence of steroids was confirmed by TLC & HPTLC. The effect of different extracts such as ethanolic, petroleum-ether, aqueous and chloroform of Urtica parviflora leaves were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity by using alloxan induced diabetes model (albino rats) and Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg. p.o.) used as standard drug. LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica Parviflora leaves extracts of petroleum ether, ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts were found to be 2000 mg/kg. 1/10th of LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica parviflora leaves extracts were taken for screening of antidiabetic activity. The present work confirms that ethanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts showed significant antidiabetic activity.

Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, exhibits poor water solubility, dissolution and flow properties. Thus, the aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of Celecoxib by preparing microparticle by Freeze drying technique. Celecoxib microparticle containing different ratio of drug and ?-cyclodextrin were manufactured by Freeze drying using Isopropyl alcohol as solvent to enhance solubility and dissolution rate. The prepared microparticle containing different ratio of drug and polymer were evaluated for in vitro dissolution and solubility. The prepared formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dissolution profile of the Freeze dried microparticle was compared with its physical mixture and pure sample. Freeze dried microparticle exhibited decreased crystallinity. The solubility and dissolution of the microparticle containing different ratio of drug and ?-cyclodextrin were significantly improved compared with its physical mixture and pure sample of Celecoxib. Dissolution of microparticle containing 3:1 w/w (FD 3) showed higher % release i.e. 98.6 % in 30 min compared to other ratio of microparticle. Consequently, hence, from the above result it can be concluded that Freeze dried microparticle of Celecoxib is a useful technique to improve the solubility and dissolution of poorly water soluble drug like Celecoxib.

Recent decades, the colon targeting drug delivery via oral route is one of the most convenient and popular systems, which deliver the drugs to the specific site for both local as well as systemic action. Oral conventional dosage forms basically disintegrate in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and it mainly depends on the physicochemical properties of the drug. But targeting the drug to the colon should be protected till it reaches to cecum by means of controlled polymers. Colonic drug delivery has become popular to treat diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, carcinomas and other infections, where by local concentration can be achieved in specific site , and minimizing the side effects. Colon site has being investigated as a potential site for delivery of proteins and peptides. Biodegradable polymers from natural synthetic sources are very cheap, widely available and resistant to digestive action to stomach and GIT enzymes. Presently the numbers of studies have been carried and reported with natural polymers for targeting the drugs to colon. Generally, they have more potential advantages than the synthetic one. The present review is elaborately revealed the potential advantages of natural polysaccharides and its cross-linking derivatives.

Organizations looking at newer ways to attract employees and once recruitment walks into its portals focus on building loyalty. This whole portfolio of how to attract and retain employees is now called by a body of knowledge "talent management". Employee Retention is costly dilemma for all organizations. In today's taxing business climate, managing company's competent and skilled human capital is vital for success. Faced with a tough proposition in attracting talent, HR heads of companies have started applying the Segmenting-Targeting-Positioning (STP) approach of marketing, better known as 'employer branding Strategies. In the turbulent scenario where talent is continuously depleting, HR managers are facing problem in retaining their knowledgeable resource .Here are discussed some of the latest retaining strategies adopted by companies Another objective of performance appraisal as put by the company is to identify employees with high potential, but there is no section in the form where the level of potential of the employee may be identified as high, low or moderate._ Planning and organizing are two different abilities but are rated in the form as one factor. Modern organizations are operating in an unprecedented, highly competitive and turbulent business environment which is characterized by the globalization of business. Further, today's global workforce is more mobile than ever before. With a dynamically changing and volatile demand-supply equation, especially against erratic attrition trend and cutthroat competition no longer restricted to local or regional boundaries, a need for strategizing & putting in place a robust mechanism for attracting and retaining top talent becomes vital for the company's very survival and growth. The time is tough. There is no denial to the fact that in today's fast pace and knowledge boom, one of the most important factors for today's organization is talent. Its viewed that the availability of suitable and competent talent inside any organization determines the excellence of the same. Most companies today would acknowledge that their human resources are most important asset. But since companies can't own employees the way they own factories or product your success or failure hinges on the quality and duration of the relationship you form with your people. In present scenario people choose companies which have congenial atmosphere and prefer change if they don't get desirable, as it may hinder the growth and success of the company. Hence retention is vital. The study was conducted to test the hypothesis using stratified and simple random sampling, survey with a questionnaire. Retention of Employees in pharmaceutical industries of Bangalore,. The present study reveals the impact of retention strategies on pharmaceutical employees in Bangalore.. On the basis of this scores of hypothesis were made: I. There is no positive relationship between employee retention and productivity. So it will not give any impact on the financial health of the organization. 90% of the employees strongly agree that there is a relationship between employee retention on productivity and continuous performance in the organization. Survey findings made me to accept alternative hypotheses and reject null hypothesis. In this cases calculated values of chi-square is higher than the tabulated values. The study helps to retain employees in the organization and helps to formulate recommendations to improve retention.

Buccoadhesive disk of diltiazem hydrochloride were prepare by solvent casting method. Sodium alginate was used as bioadhesive polymer. Polyethylene glycol 4000 and mannitol were used as solubilizers. One of each formulation was cross-linked with calcium chloride (0.1 % w/v). The disks were evaluated for surface pH, swelling index, surface diameter study, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo buccoadhesion and ex-vivo residence time on sheep buccal mucosa. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of cross-linking agent on the swelling and buccoadhesive characteristics of sodium alginate buccal disks. Addition of solubilizers in less concentration (0.5%) improved the drug release without erosion of the disks (batch F2 and F4). Buccal disks containing PEG – 4000 had less buccoadhesion than disks containing mannitol. PEG-4000 containing disks showed higher in-vitro drug release rate than mannitol containing disks. It was found that crosslinked disks (batch F1 and F3) of sodium alginate controlled the swelling profile; eroded well during release study without affecting the buccoadhesion of the disks. Cross-linked disks showed more than 80 % drug release within 3 hours by erosion-diffusion mechanism followed by first order release kinetic. Good in-vitro drug release and in-vitro buccal permeation was observed in selected buccal patch.