Physiology and Anatomy

Liver hydatidosis is a considerable health problem in the developing countries, such as Iran. There are different therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this disease including; laparoscopy, open surgery, as well as puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration (PAIR) technique. Herein, we presented the case of two pediatric patients with multiple hydatid cysts in the liver, who were treated through the PAIR technique with no complication or relapse in the follow-up.

Objectives: To Study the efficacy of backward training program me on agility and quadriceps strength. Design: Pre Post test study. Setting: Jamia Hamdard University, Participants: 30 healthy university students (18 -25 yrs). Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups (A,B and C). Group A ( N = 10) performed backward walking (4 kmph), Group B (N=10) performed backward running(5.6 kmph) for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week) and Group C (N=10) was the control group. Before and after the intervention, all the subjects completed the following tests: agility- T test and measurement of quadriceps strength. Outcome Measures: Agility, quadriceps strength. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that both the backward walking and backward running improved the quadriceps strength after 6 week of training. In addition, while backward running was found to be effective in improving the agility performance, the backward walking group did not show significant increase .Control group showed no improvement in agility and quadriceps strength.

Parkia biglobosa is an important multipurpose tree of West African Savannah land used traditionally, to treat a range of human and animal ailments. To evaluate the effects of sub-chronic administration of aqueous extract of the leaves of Parkia biglobosa in rats, twenty four male albino rats weighing between 120-200 g were distributed into four groups: A, B, C, and D containing 6 rats each. Aqueous extract of the leaves was administered to rats in groups B, C and D at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 respectively for 21 consecutive days, while the rats in group A were administered distilled water (vehicle for extract) and served as control. After the treatment period, results of haematological evaluation revealed a dose dependent significant (p<0.05) decrease in the Packed cell volume of rats at all treatment levels. Likewise, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts were also significantly decreased at the 200 and 400 mgkg-1 doses. However, significant increase in total white blood cell count (WBC) was observed at the 400 mgkg-1 dose. Changes observed in all analysed plasma biochemical parameters were not significant except for gamma glutamyl tansferase, on which the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) increase at the 400 mgkg-1 body weight dose. Moreover, mild portal congestion in the liver, mild renal cortical congestion in the kidney and moderate sub-capsular congestion in the testis were observed at the 400 mgkg-1 dose. The study concludes that the extract is relatively safe provided that it is used judiciously at low doses.

The cystitis glandularis is a rare and begign tumor, usually asymptomatic and is favored by chronic irritation. It is sometimes associated with a pelvic lipomatosis. Its transformation into adenocarcinima is exceptional and occurs in cases of persistent contributing factor. Clinically,the hematuria is the dominating symptom with a pollakiuria. The treatment is various, in function of the tumoral volume and the importance of the symptomatology. The tumoral resection and the histological examination are fundamental for the diagnosis. We report 4 cases of cystitis glandularis treated in our service.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a vast pathology, and may mimic coronary disease. Clinical data, electrical manifestations and laboratory parameters may drift toward the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. We report the case of a patient of 39 years, who presented a rare case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that manifested by acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation in anterior septum. Troponine was moderately high. Coronary angiography by cardiac catheterization was normal. Echocardiography and cardiac MRI allowed to pin down the diagnosis.

Solitary fibrous tumor (TFS) is a rare tumor. It is localized preferentially at the pleura. Other locations have been described. These are peritoneal, bronchopulmonary, orbital and mediastinal locations. We report the case of a 49-year-old patient followed for parathyroid adenoma who presented with bone pain, muscle pain, fatigue, dry cough and dyspnea. The clinical examination was without abnormality. Chest X-ray showed a superior mediastinal opacity. Cervicothoracic computed tomography indicated a mass at the lower right pole of the thyroid and a tissue process of the upper mediastinum. A cervicotomy was performed for the removal of the parathyroid adenoma. On the other hand, an attempt at dissection of the mediastinal mass by the cervical route was inconclusive, and a manubriotomy was necessary for its extraction. The histo-pathological study confirmed the parathyroid adenoma for the cervical mass; and solitary fibrous tumor for the mass of the superior mediastinum.

Compassion is essential in providing good nursing care because the compassionate care benefits patients with regard to treatment, wound healing, satisfaction and well-being; it benefits physicians with regard to lowered depression rates, elevated meaning, lower burnout, and more diligent technical care; it benefits healthcare systems that establish reputational gains at no greater use of time or resources; it benefits medical students with regard to their diminished complaints of abusive clinical environments and maladaptive team interactions. Thus the compassionate care has many dimensions of beneficial impact.

To assess the effectiveness of naturally prepared galactogogue mix on breast milk production and prolactin levels in postnatal mothers. Natural Fenugreek and Garlic based Galactogogue mixes were formulated and standardized. Organoleptic evaluation of the same mixes was also conducted by a ten panel members. Followed by this, 30 mother-infant pairs were assigned into 3 groups. Group I (n=10) consisted of mothers who were receiving galactagogue mix containing fenugreek every day, Group II (n=10) consisted of mothers who were receiving galactagogue mix containing garlic every day and Group 3 (n=10) were assigned as control group. The intervention was carried out for seven days, the baseline and post treatment serum prolactin levels of the mothers were determined using a standard protocol. Organoleptic scores of Garlic galactogogue mix was superior than Fenugreek galactogogue mix attributing to its bitter taste. The mean measured serum prolactin levels of the mothers who received galactagogue mixes were higher than the control group (p<0.05). Galactogogue mixes using natural ingredients especially fenugreek seeds were found be highly acceptable and supplementation of these galactagogue mixes seems to be useful for enhancing breast milk production.

The present study was conducted to determine frequency of contraceptive use and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of married male towards contraceptive methods at Mithi, Sindh. Cross sectional survey. Taluka Mithi District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan from May to July 2012. Total 323 cases were included in the study. Data was on a pre tested questionnaire. Study population comprised of married males aged 15-55 years living at Taluka Mithi. Data was entered in SPSS 21.0. Simple frequencies and percentages were calculated. Of 323 number of participants, only 89% (n=287) had the knowledge of contraceptive methods. A number of 34% (n=113) participants responded that they use different method, remaining were not able to respond clearly which may be due to little knowledge. Most of the study participants were of view that using contraceptive methods is the job of female spouses. The present study shows that majority of male do not use contraceptive method. The male behavior reveals that they are not interested in family planning and child spacing as they think it a matter of female.

Urinary bladder cancer is the second most frequent tumour of the genitourinary tract with bladder adenocarcinoma comprising for about 0.2-2% of all malignant bladder tumours. Other primary sites for such tumours include rectum, stomach, endometrium, breast, prostate, seminal vesicles and ovaries. Such non-urothelial bladder tumours with intramural bladder tumour growth may delay the onset of symptoms which may lead to a delay in diagnosis and thereby adversely affecting the prognosis as compared to urothelial bladder tumours. Traditionally bladder adenocarcinomas were believed to be resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but recent advancements have shown encouraging responses with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.We present here-in a case of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder highlighting its relative rarity of occurrence and the difficulties encountered in diagnosing primary bladder adenocarcinoma, its management and a review of the literature.