Psychology

In the context of today's socially-networked-society and the rise of social media applications like Facebook , new perspectives need to be considered. The present research explored social media by examining their potential as new venues for political participation. This research seeks how using social media (e.g Facebook) for free time affects political participation (in Chandigarh, Panchkula, Mohali and Zirakpur areas). A sample of 200 males who were staying with and away from their families in the age group of 19-23 years were administered scales of Facebook usage and political participation. Correlation and descriptive analysis were applied. Results revealed a negative correlation between Facebook usage for free time and political participation. Significant difference also emerged between the males staying with and staying away from families on using Facebook for free time.

The present study investigated the relationship between attachment to school and Creativity. Study population of research is of all primary school students in Harsin city in iran that those were enrolled in the academic year from 2011 to 2012. And a sample of 120 subjects was selected by multistage random sampling. The tools used in this study include: Scale of attachment to school that measures dimensions of school attachment, peer attachment, and attachment to the teacher. For data analysis, software spss18, Pearson correlation and multiple regression techniques were used. The results showed there are significant positive correlation between the independent and dependent variables.

Sexism (prejudice and discrimination, usually against women) is a social problem in most societies of the world that undermines the rights and potentials of women in societies. It also impinges development. Thus there is a need to explore its causes.This study was therefore designed to investigate the influences of sex, sex role orientation and personality variables on sexism in Nigeria. With the aid of a set of questionnaires comprising Bem’s Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and the Big Five (Personality) Inventory (BFI), data were collected from 780 research participants drawn from among Nigerians resident in South Western Nigeria. Participants’ age range is 15-69 with a mean age of 31.91 years. Using a 4x2x2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis, it was found out that sex and sex role orientation have main and interaction effects on sexism. It was also revealed that sexism is significantly jointly predicted by personality variables. However, the dominant personality trait of an individual was found to determine the type of sexist ideological leanings and behaviors displayed by the person. These findings were discussed in the light of available literature and recommendations were made.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of self-efficacy as a moderator between individual’s absorptive capacity and knowledge acquisition behaviour among engineers in the electrical and electronic (E&E) sector in Malaysia. The study utilized survey method to collect the data. There were 305 responses for the survey. Partial least square (PLS) properties of structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to measure the interaction between absorptive capacity and self-efficacy and its effect knowledge acquisition. The study found no support for self-efficacy as a moderator between the two variables.

The present study was designed to investigate the school teachers’ awareness towards Individual differences at primary level, study also intends to compare the awareness of individual differences among government and private teachers at primary level. Due to limited time available for study, only 24 primary schools were randomly selected for the purpose of collecting data. 120 teachers from these schools were randomly selected a sample for study. A questionnaire was constructed for teachers which included 30 items, data was collected through personal visits of the schools. Data was analyzed in the light of objectives through two-way chi-square. Private school teachers are aware of the concept of individual differences as compared to government school teachers. In private sector school teachers respect individual differences in their classes as compared to government sector school teachers.

The present study examines the role of religion in mental health and quality of life, is discussed. Present study is based on descriptive research method, is correlational. The population of all male students, city Sarpolezohab the academic year 2014/2013, are studying samples with 280 people, according to a random sampling method, is considered. Instruments used in this study, the questionnaire Baraheni religious attitude and mental health questionnaire (28 - GHQ), a global health and quality of life are. Results from the study showed that between negative religious attitudes, and mental health. students, there was a significant negative relationship. Negative religious attitude, the quality of life for students, there was a significant negative relationship. Religious attitude, positive mental health of students, there was a significant positive relationship. Between positive religious attitude, the quality of life for students, there was a significant positive relationship. Thus, religion can be, on all factors have an important role in the pathogenesis of stress and situational evaluation, cognitive evaluation of a person, action, advocacy and resources.... may diminish mental.

Present study was designed to investigate the role of demographic variables in determining the study skills and academic achievement among the university students. Study was descriptive correlational in nature in which scientific method was used to achieve the research objectives. The first objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of effective study skills and academic achievement, second objective was to investigate the role of demographic variation such as gender, discipline, family income, birth order, parents’ qualification and profession in determining the levels and dimensions of effective study skills and academic achievement. In this study a stratified random sample of 250 male (104) and female (146) university students were collected from 4 selected private and public sector universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Family income of Students ranged from 50,000 to 150,000. The study was delimited to Master level students studying in the fourth semester only. In this research for the measurement of effective study skills an inventory named as,” Study Skills” based on 51 items developed by Congos was used. The students’ academic achievement was measured through their results of first three semesters (students result was taken as measure their academic achievement). After data collection it was analyzed with the help of SPSS 16 by applying various statistical tests such as, Percentile Analysis, Mean, SD, Linear Regression, and Pearson Correlation. On the basis of findings, it was found that there is positive relationship between study skills and academic achievement in the context of Master level university students. The students of private sector universities possessed more effective study skills and higher score on the academic achievement as compared to the students of public sector universities. Present research is significant due to its uniqueness it can bring new avenues in the teaching learning process. University management can provide creative competitive environment to exercise study skill in their course of studies.

The role of parental support is crucial in building self-confidence among the teenagers. The present study examined the role of parental support in building self-confidence among the teenagers. The study was based on the purposive sample of 50 students taken from three schools in Islamabad namely, Roots, the City School and Scholanova. The ages of the students ranged between 13 to 19 studying in O’ levels and A’ Levels. The data thus gathered revealed that parental behavior exhibited in the form of care, control, autonomy and financial support are instrumental in building self-confidence among the teenagers but care proved more effective as compared to other factors with control, autonomy and financial support coming next respectively. The study observed the fathers and mothers of different professional backgrounds affect their parenting styles. Comparing fathers and mothers support, it was found that mothers are more careful and financially support than fathers whereas fathers’ support is significant in giving autonomy than mothers. Overall it was found that parental support based on caring and control play more effective role in building self-confidence among teenagers than autonomy and financial support.

This study explored the impact of resiliency and protective factors in academic achievement among primary school pupils from refugee camps in Dadaab, Kenya. The data was collected from 188 pupils (132 males and 56 females) and 22 teachers selected from standard five to eight classes in 22 refugee primary schools. Both school and participants were selected randomly.A questionnaire was used to measure resiliency and the mean mark (MM) of the first term to measure the academic performance of the participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. T-test was used to compare male and female participants in resiliency and academic achievement. The ANOVA was used to compare the relationship between resiliency and academic achievement. The results of the study showed that there was significant differences between male and female pupils resiliency and academic achievement. Similarly, there was significant differences between pupils’ resiliency and educational class levels. Further results revealed that most pupils in refugee schools achieved poorly in academics, while most girls dropped out of school due to cultural barriers. Majority of the pupils were ignorant of protective factors to safeguard perceived risks such as family and society related risks. From the findings, it was recommended that different authorities from UNHCR and related humanitarian assistance organizations or counseling services at the schools ought to improve pupils’ psychological resiliency and provide support to help overcome risks and focus on academics with high level of self-efficacy to achieve.

Alcohol abuse is a major global contributing factor to death, disease and injury. Alcohol abuse results in approximately 2.5 million deaths each year, with a net loss of 2.25 million lives, considering the estimated beneficial impact of low levels of alcohol use on some diseases in some population groups. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of religious affiliations on alcohol abuse among public school teachers in Nyeri County. The study used both correlational design and phenomenological design. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in determining the relationship existing between religious affiliation and alcohol abuse and establishing the perception of teachers on alcohol abuse respectively. The study utilised the stratified sampling methodology to select participating teachers in each sub-county and level of the school (primary or secondary). The study had a sample size of 385 respondents. The ratio of primary school teachers to secondary school teachers in the overall teacher population was 5:3 which was also observed in the sample mainly attributed to the high number of primary schools as compared to secondary schools. A sampling frame was obtained from Teachers Service Commission (TSC) providing a list of all teachers in the county and the schools they teach in. The study utilized the stratified sampling methodology to select participants, where strata used was the subcounty and type of school (primary/secondary). A sample of 385 teachers was selected from a population of 6,264 from Nyeri County. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was coded and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The religious affiliations and alcohol abuse had a weak correlation of .290). However, religious affiliation had no significant effect on alcohol abuse among the teachers at .096. The study concludes that there is a relationship between religious affiliation and alcohol abuse among school teachers in Nyeri County. The study recommends religious affiliations to be encouraged as a part of prevention strategies.