Psychology

Physical quantity is a topic in the elective physics syllabus in taught in all categories of senior high schools two (SHS2) in Ghana and science students are to show an appreciable understanding of its measurement. However, serious doubt have been raised in the Physics Chief Examiner’s report of the West African Examination Council of Ghana of both physics-1 (theory) and physics-2 (practical) as to whether science students really understand measurement of physical quantities. In view of this, the researcher used a mixed designed method to gather data from SHS3 physics students’ on their understanding of measurement uncertainty of length and time. A population of 422 SHS3 physics students were sampled and a two item questionnaire on distance and time administered in order to find out whether the problem enumerated by the Chief Examiners’ of Physics concerning physics students exist and were either with the set paradigm or the point paradigm concept. Also five SHS3 physics were purposively selected and interviewed in order to validate students’ written responses. The study revealed that students do not have an understanding of measurement uncertainty by the set paradigm concept. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that physics teachers should make effort to make scientific measurement by the set paradigm concept relevant to all senior high school science students in Volta region of Ghana.

This study examined the relationship between EFL learners’ attributions for success and failure in learning a foreign language and their self-perceived communication competence. To this end, having homogenized the learners via the Interchange Objective Placement Test (IOPT), the Causal Dimension Scale (CDS-II) and the Language Achievement Attribution Scale (LAAS) were administered to 72 EFL learners studying at two English language institutes in Iran. Six causal attributions (ability, effort, task difficulty, mood, luck, and teacher) together with four attributional properties (locus of causality, stability, personal control, and external control) were compared with learners’ self-perceived communication competence. To see whether there is any significant relationship between learners’ attributions and their self-perceived communication competence, Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to the data. The results showed significant correlations between some of the LAAS, but not CDS-II, subscales and learners’ scores on the SPCC scale. Results from Regression Analysis (using LAAS) revealed that task difficulty attribution was the best predictor for low SPCC scores, indicating that students who attributed the outcome of their test to the difficulty of the task received lower grades on the SPCC scale. Finally, statistical results were discussed, and implications for English language teaching were suggested.

The objective of the study is to identify the perception of the students on aggressive attitude in five secondary schools in Johor Bahru town. This study also attempts to identify the factor of aggressive and types of aggressive attitude in the school. About 260 questionnaires were distributed at random stage to aggressive student from form one, two and four. The instrument used was the Mooney Problem Check List which was later analysis by the SPSS11.5 (Statistical Package For Sosial Science). It contained 64 likert skill items. The reliability value (alpha croanbach) of the instrument was 0.81. Descriptive statistic in the form of mean, standard deviation and percentage was used in data analysis. As a whole, the result of the study shows the level students aggressiveness in secondary schools in Johor Bahru area were quite high. The hypothesis shows that there is no significant difference between aggressive factor and student rate. There is significant relationship between types of aggressive and family income. Students’ perception between aggressive attitude in secondary school show that environment of school is dominant (mean 4.1), less attention from family background (mean 3.8), students’ attitude (mean 3.88), psychology (mean 3.65) and their friends (mean 3.68). The most aggressiveness among student was shown that physical attitude (mean 3.57), verbal (mean 3.53) and anti social (mean 3.34). Thus this research shows that the aggressive attitude among students in Johor Bahru town is quite high. The study suggested that the school should identify aggressiveness culture among the students and should implement the peer program therefore the problems will be decrease.

Rather than a unattended (guardian less) is a individual problem it's a social problem. Today we are facing with abnormal increase of unattended children in all over the world. this increase have many reasons such as poverty, war, corruption and prostitution increasing and addiction … .These children are victims of society coarseness that not only deprived having parents and the kindly gathering of family but don't accept them and look at them as parasite. Although these children haven't different with their peers in intelligence but rate of self – esteem social growth and academic progress didn't grow like the children who enjoy feasibility family. The main purpose of this study is investigated educational and social status of unattended children in boarding institutes until investigated the organizational and structural status the care institutes of unattended children investigated the different their needs. This study was doing as descriptive and comparative study to the researcher be able describe care institutes children status and also compare them to peers in terms of educational and social. Study population consisted of all the unattended boys and girls that according to welfare organization's statistics they are 22 thousand and five hundred children who keeping in 480 institutes, selected 360 children and 20 institutes among them randomly.

Current perspectives on the early childhood curriculum stress the need for a play-based program for children. Although the status of play has been given due to emphasis in the Malaysian Preschool National Curriculum, the implementation of play in the daily practice may not be consistent with the curriculum guidelines. Therefore, this study set out to examine the preschool teachers’ perception on the implementation of play in the private preschools. This study adopts the survey method, involving 105 teachers from 35 private preschools in Tampoi and Skudai, Johor. The questionnaire comprised of 46 items modified based on the CIPP model with the focus on the Input and Process constructs. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis (mean, rank and standard deviation). Results on input evaluation revealed that although the teachers viewed play positively, they perceived possessing only average pedagogical knowledge about the implementation of play. On the other hand, the respondents believed that parents’ attitude towards the play concept was averagely positive. The overall appropriateness and availability of resources were also rated average. As for the process evaluation, the aspects of play management and the observation of the children’s behaviors were claimed to be average. A few suggestions were highlighted in the end of the study to enhance the effectiveness of the implementation of play in preschool curriculum.

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the legislative, executive and judicial thinking styles of the vocational schools’ students and their academic performance. This is an applied research and both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. A sample of 250 students, 125 girls and 125 boys, were selected through simple random sampling from among the sophomore students of the vocational schools in Ilam province, Iran , in the academic year 2009-2010.To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and multivariable regression were used. The findings revealed that the students who possessed executive thinking style obeyed and performed the orders in terms of practical thought .However; these students got lower grades compared to other students in specified courses such as mathematics, fundamentals of IT and computer programming. The students who possessed judicial thinking style got better grades compared to other students in terms of practical thought and academic progression in the specified courses. These thinking styles(legislative, executive, and judicial thinking styles) had the potential to predict the standard variable and this potentiality was 0/05 for the executive thinking style and 0/01 for judicial and legislative thinking styles. As for the students who possessed legislative thinking style there was a significant relation between their academic performance and their thinking style. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of girls and boys was not significant in terms of gender. Analysis of different thinking styles showed that there was a linear relationship between the standard variable (the students' performance) and predicting variables (legislative, executive and judicial thinking style).

Parenting plays a very important role in developing personalities of their children. It is like a long term investment in which parents should not force their children to do well in their own life. Parents should know that their children came into the beautiful life with their own temperaments and should recognize that they have their own interests. Parental pressure affects the personality and self esteem of the adolescents. Personality is the unique characteristic of the individual and due to differences in personalities the person is different from others in terms of temperament, coping strategies, emotions etc. Self esteem means the person’s faith on self. It is the feeling of an individual that one has about himself or herself. The aim of the present investigation is to study the perceived parental pressure in relation to personality and self esteem. Sample was randomly selected from different streams (arts, commerce and science) of 11th standard of various Government senior secondary schools of Chandigarh. The sample was then administered on perceived parental pressure inventory – PPPI (Thara Sebastain, 1997), NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and self esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). For the analysis of data descriptive statistics, correlation, ANOVA and regression were used.The calculated value shows that there were significant gender differences in the perceived parental pressure, agreeableness, conscientiousness, overall personality and self esteem. It was also revealed that there was negative and significant relationship between perceived parental pressure and agreeableness, perceived parental pressure and conscientiousness and between perceived parental pressure and self esteem. Analysis of variance describes the significant interaction of gender and academic interest in perceived parental pressure, personality and self esteem.

Information is a core component of knowledge to enhance the productivity, efficiency and performance. However, information seeking behavior depends mainly upon availability, accessibility, and media exposure. Media buying attitude and media preferences are influenced by the quality of information seeking behavior. The environmental influence on perception needs channelization in regard the magnitude of usefulness of information. The present study is focused on health development information amongst adolescents of rural areas of Sitapur and Unnao districts. This survey was conducted on randomly selected 320 Adolescents of deprived rural areas. The results depicts the most prominent health information is accumulated mainly on interpersonal interactions between friends, neighbors and family which are basically based on health department instructions. The main conclusion is the need to seek and use the health information in various ways, directly or indirectly. Indirectly, when an individual is passively receiving information from the media or from a person, and this includes the passive search category. While, directly is when a person intentionally aims to seek out for health information through various ways, such as, inquiring to a person, health care institution, doctors, ANM/ ASHAs , or to other health information sources, including obtaining information from the media.

Life skills have been defined as “the abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.”This paper examines the relevance of imparting life skills education in schools in today’s world, the core life skills, the target group those who most needs it; challenges and issues of adolescent students. And lastly emphasis is given on various methods to enhance life skills in students.

A pre experimental study toassess the effectiveness of planned teaching programe interm of knowledge and attitude regarding safe motherhood among married couples. The objective of the study were assess level of knowledge and attitude among married couple on safe moterhood.Assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme in terms of knowledge and attitude among married couple on safe mother hood. To find out the association of kniwledge and attitude on safe mother hood wirh their selected socio-demographic variables. A pre- experimental research design was used .the investigators selected 60samples. Finding related to knowledge and attitude of couple related to safe motherhood. Major finding of the study of the study show that 47% of married couple were in age group(20-25year), 47% of married couple were in age group(26-30year),about (7%) of married couple were (30-35). In pre test 92 % of married couples were scored average scores there was no participant who ranked good score and 8% scored poor in attitude questionnaire. In post test 24% married couples were scored good and 73% of married couples were scored average scores and 3% particapant were in poor categories in attitude questionnaire.