Psychology

Well-being includes many aspects such as happiness, energy, leisure, peace with oneself, contentment and sensitivity to the environment. It is a sense of balance between different aspects of life - from physical to emotional to spiritual and the much researched psychological well-being. The domain of the psychological well-being lies in the everyday experiences of people. To say the Internet is an important component of human life is a statement that is not exaggerated. Typically the human race would come to a standstill or become non-existent without the usage of internet, be it in mobile /computer to surf and check Facebook, Whatsapp, and other social media. A report by UK’s chartered institute of IT (BCS) found that 35,000 people who use the internet reported that it made them feel happier and better about their lives (BCS, 2010). Happiness is a gregarious feeling and is usually multiplied with better communication channels and robust interaction among people leading to an integrated well-being in individuals. Technology in the form of Internet helps in a large amount of communication and interaction, which can happen in a minuscule time. The purview of the present research is to analyse the relationship between Internet Addiction and Happiness in relation to Well-being. The sample consists of 150 Internet users both male and female. Internet Addiction Test (IAT; 1998) by Dr. Kimberly Young and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ; 2002) by Peter Hills, Michael Argyle were used to measure Internet addiction and Happiness respectively. The results thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

The Internet is a widely used tool known to foster addictive behavior, and Internet addiction threatens to develop into a major public health issue in the near future in a rapidly developing country like India. Internet addiction in adolescence can have a negative impact on identity formation and may negatively affect cognitive functioning, lead to poor academic performance and engagement in risky activities, and inculcate poor dietary habits. Recent reports indicated that some online users were becoming addicted to the Internet in much that same way that others became addicted to drugs or alcohol, which resulted in academic, social, and occupational impairment. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of internet addiction among adolescents.For the purpose of the study 272 adolescent’s students (176 male, 96 female) from formal schools and colleges at Chhattisgarh. The sampling was based on random sampling method. The age range of the students is 14yrs-19yrs. The tools, demographic data sheet designed for the purpose of this study and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Dr. Kimberly Young to measure the levels of internet addiction were used. The results revealed that prevalence of average internet addiction was 57%, problematic addiction was 41.9% and severe addiction was 0.7%. The gender difference was found on internet addiction that males were more addicted to the internet than female. It was also found that the duration of internet surfing and time spent for internet usage of the students were significant for internet addiction. Based on the results, internet addiction should be considered as a serious problem in adolescents and young adults. So, it is necessary that proper use of internet to be educated to adolescents and young adults to prevent the risk of internet addiction.

Each of us is a unique person, a combination of inherited genetic material and environmental influences. A basic theme and controversial issue throughout the history of psychology has been the debate and investigation of the relative roles of heredity and environment in the formation of individual differences. Despite beliefs that men are born equal, they are not. Every person possesses a unique set of genetic material bestowing them with variations in aptitude, physical development, and capacities, which in turn are acted on by the occurrence of unique environmental experiences some of which even influence the creature prenatally There are many claims, opinions, and arguments about where intelligence comes from - is it from our genetic heritage, or is it a result of the environment and our experiences? A substantial body of research tells us that both heredity and environment affect intelligence.

This study is a descriptive survey conducted on four primary schools based in the Kgalagadi North Sub-District in Botswana with purpose to cross-examine the instructional challenges faced by teachers based at schools in remote areas. After establishment of validity, interviews were conducted (individual and focus group). Results show that all the four remote schools sampled had homogeneous instructional challenges. Of the challenges, teachers identified discipline and academic challenges as a major factor in all the sampled schools. Even though parental support related challenges did not feature prominently in this study, the study identified that parents we not active in supporting their children in learning. The frequency of these challenges was found to be hampering positive academic output. These challenges were perceived to be capable of adversely affecting Botswana’s national objectives of Vision 2016 pillar of, an educated and informed nation. The study found out that learner achievement at remote schools is low and that parents are not actively involved in their children's education. The final thought of the study was that teachers based at remote schools need capacity building to deal with instructional challenges to enhance their effectiveness. On this ground, the researcher agrees with literature on the need for family learning as an approach to assist parents to support their children.

This study was designed to investigate whether grandparent-headed families have influence on pre-school learners’ class participation. The study was carried out in Mwingi Zone of Kitui County Kenya. The zone had a total of 67 public pre-schools and the study targeted all the 67 public pre-schools, 1030 pre-school learners and 88 pre-school teachers. The researcher employed descriptive survey design so as to get information from the sampled respondents. The researcher obtained the sample size of the study by using both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. The sampling techniques included stratified random sampling and purposive sampling. The schools in the zone were grouped into five clusters namely: Musukini, Kanzanzu, Mwingi, Ithumbi and Kyethani. The researcher used a representative sample of 10% of the targeted pre-school learners and 20.5% of the targeted pre-school teachers. To collect data from the respondents, the researcher used questionnaires and observation checklists. The questionnaires were used to collect data from pre-school teachers, while observation checklists were used to collect data from pre-school learners. After collecting the data, the researcher processed it by editing, coding, classifying and tabulating it and then analyzed the processed data using descriptive analysis, frequency distribution tables and percentages and Pearson Correlation Tables. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data. The findings of the study indicated that there was a strong negative correlation (r= -0.833, P <0.05) between grandparent-headed families and the class participation of pre-school learners. The study recommended that the pre-schools should be encouraged to be conducting frequent guidance and counseling sessions for learners from grandparent-headed families. Pre-school class teachers should also identify the learners who are not active in class participation and encourage them to be active in class by offering gifts.

Over time, there has been shortfall in the recorded academic performance of undergraduates in Nigeria. This is traced to lazy thinking or cognitive ease and the habit of procrastination which could result from low academic self-regulation. Little is known of cognitive easing as a primogenitor of academic performance. Also, there is dearth of literature on how procrastination influences academic performance in the country. This study therefore fills in the gap by investigating the influence of cognitive ease and procrastination on academic performance among university students in Akungba. Participants 250 (125 males), (125 females) were purposively selected. Cognitive ease was measured using cognitive reflection questionnaire by Shane Fredericks, Procrastination was also measured using the procrastination scale while the Academic performance was measured using students’ CGPA. Results using ANOVA showed no significant influence of cognitive ease and gender on student Academic Performance. However, Procrastination was found to be significant [F (1,190) = 4.09, p < .05]. Based on this finding, it was recommended that psycho-education be provided to assist students combat procrastination especially in academics. Further research on cognitive ease is also encouraged for a conclusive stand on its influence of academic performance.

The main purpose of the study is to find out the influence of the Big Five Personality traits namely, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Openness on Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction. For this purpose a sample size of 536 Executives who are working at a public sector power generating organization functioning in Tamil Nadu state is selected. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the samples. Big Five Personality inventory developed by John and Srivastava (1999); and Emotional Intelligence developed by Abdullah et al. (2013) were used for data collection. The study has found that there are significant relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits, Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction. Suitable managerial implications are given in this study.

The study examined the extent to which impulsivity and sensation seeking predispose adolescents to sexual risk taking in Kisumu, Kenya. The study was carried out in Kisumu Municipality being one of the leading regions in Kenya in HIV prevalence (15%), a likely indication of high sexual risk taking. A sample size of 384 was drawn from a population of 10,278 secondary school students, but only 357 completed the study questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while the qualitative data was summarized thematically. The male respondents comprised of 156 (43.7%) while the female respondents were 201 (56.3%). The results indicated that about half the adolescents in the study were highly impulsive and sensational seekers predisposing them to take up risks. Sensation seeking was a better predictor of sexual risk taking than impulsivity especially among the male adolescents, while impulsivity was a better predictor among female respondents. The study recommended that behavioral and communication strategies being developed for adolescents should be gender differentiated since male and female adolescents respond differently to the different aspects of sexual risk taking behaviors.

The present study was designed to explore the impacts of acceptance and rejection on self-esteem of adolescents. In order to measure the self-esteem of adolescents a rating scale developed by Rifai (1999) was used. Factor Loading Self-esteem Scale consists of 26 items and four factors that were; Self-Acceptance (AC), Self-Competence (SC), Physical Acceptance (PA), Social Acceptance (SA) and Academic Competence (AC). The population consists of 46 female and 54 male adolescents. After data collection reliability, mean and SD were computed. Study found that there is a positive relationship between acceptance-rejection and self-esteem. Adolescents, whose mothers are homemakers, get more acceptances from their parents and friends as compared to those adolescents whose mothers are working outside home.

The topic of this project is titled the impact of pre-marital counseling to young marriageable girls. Agape Baptist Church was used as a case study. the objectives of the research work is to know if pre-marital counseling has positive effects on marriage. A primary data were used for this research work and a chi-square was used for carrying out the research, test, the research work was done in 2018. The outcome of the research shows that, premarital counseling to marriage girls has positive effect. Therefore marriageable girls or couples should always be counseled before marriage so as to avoid the menace or problem caused by broken homes and divorce.