Psychology

The present study was carried out to analyze the use of motivational strategies at secondary level in public and private sector schools. For data collection, two schools in public and private sector each were selected from Islamabad. Data was collected through a Questionnaire. Fifty teachers (twenty-five from public and twenty five from private sector) of secondary classes were selected for answering the questionnaire. Quantitative analysis method was used for data analysis. The result of analysis shows that application of motivational strategies is better in private school as compared to public school.

Numerous studies on adolescents have explored factors associated with sexual risk-taking behaviors among youth. However, few studies have examined the link between social exclusion of youth in social and sexual matters and sexual risk-taking behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS infection. This study was carried out using cross sectional design among 365 students randomly selected in secondary school in Bondo District, Kenya in order to determine the link between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behavior associated with HIV/AIDS infection. The study also examined the moderating effect of age, gender and orphanhood on the relationship between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behaviors. The findings of the study revealed positive correlation between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behavior associated with HIV/AIDS infection. The study found out that age, gender and orphanhood moderates the relationship between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behavior. Conclusion drawn from the study was that an increase in exclusion of youth on basis of age, gender and orphanhood could hamper efforts to slow down the spread of HIV infection in successive generations. Current best practice emphasizes the need for multilevel inclusion of youth in the family, schools, church and societal decision making processes in social and sexual matters that affect them.

The research paper is to examine the impact on the mental health trust in God has Gvavr area high school female students. According to the hypothesis proposed correlation method for data analysis and Pearson correlation method were used. Statistical Society: Gvavr area high school female students. Sample of about 100 students who were randomly selected. Data from two religious attitude questionnaire (24 questions) and general health (27 items) is obtained. The results indicate a significant relationship between trust in the Lord and mental health of high school girl students is Gvavr area. Whatever religious faith and reliance on God is greater than their mental health and self-reliance is the best means to procure mental.

The study explored maths attitudes of gifted and talented students in form one, two and three of Mukumu girl High School. Eight of the nine domains of the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitudes Scale (MAS) were used to survey the math attitudes of two hundred girls. The domains included; attitude towards success, mother’s attitudes, father’s attitudes, anxiety and motivation in learning math. K.C.P.E and present classroom/teacher scores are contrasted MAS. The study was based on Bandura’s Social Learning Theory which emphasizes that much of learning of gifted and talented is mainly through observation and imitation. Questionnaire technique will be used to collect the data. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS with a predetermined alpha level of 0.5, and MANOVA. Results of the study may be used as a vehicle or catalyst for the implication of assisting children to enhance learning of the subject spawn discussion with counselors and others investigating the emotional and academic implications of the GT girls. The study recommends that policies be put in place to eliminate negative cultural teaching of mathematics through open-ended techniques.

The study examined the moderating role of child personality factors in the relation between mothers’ parenting style and child maltreatment in a sample of 330 children aged 7-10 years in Kenya. We found out that mother’s parenting style was a predictor of child maltreatment ?=.25, (p=.01). Mothers who are highly demanding and controlling were more likely to maltreat their children. Extraversion personality factor moderated this relation ?=.29 (p=.04).Thus, children who scored high in extraversion were at a greater risk of child maltreatment by mothers who are highly demanding and controlling. The study highlights the need to train Kenyan parents on positive parenting.

This study aims to determine the moderating effects of mother’s age on the relationships between maternal parenting style and adolescent’s self-efficacy. Participants included 382 school-going adolescents with an average age of 14.27 years. The data was collected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. Results revealed that maternal authoritative and authoritarian mothers tend to foster high level of self-efficacy. Nontheless, no significant moderating effect was found for mother’s age. The current study underscore the need to focus on the role of parenting style and adolescents’ self-efficacy especially in Asian countries.

Postgraduate study has been considered as a main life event which can lead to marital discordance. Various adjustments have to be done by the students and their spouse. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate marital adjustment among married postgraduate students in two public universities in Malaysia. A random sample of 176 students from two public universities in Malaysia has been selected. The instrument employed is the adjusted Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment and a set of demographic variables. ANOVA 2x3x2 is used to investigate the means differences of marital adjustment according to gender, nationality, and university among the participants. Results indicated significant differences marital adjustment mean scores between gender, three nationalities, and two universities. Implications on family and college counseling are discussed. Finally, direction for future research on marital adjustments among postgraduate is suggested.

Truancy is deliberate absence from school on the part of learners without the knowledge and consent of parents. The aim of this study to establish the factors that contribute to students’ absenteeism and their effects in secondary schools in Midnapore District of West Bengal. The study examines the factor that contributes to truancy among secondary school learners. The investigate the effect of truancy. Truancy, or the habitual act of being absent from school without permission, is a major issue affecting the overall success of the school in which I am employed. Truancy may be identified differently between districts, states, or governments; however, consecutive unexcused absences from school is the most common and acceptable definition. Lying and stealing are common, but inappropriate, behaviours in school aged children. Lying and stealing are more common in boys than girls, and happen most often in children ages 5 to 8 years. Children from the ages of 6 to 12 understand what lying is and the moral wrongness of this behaviour. However, children may continue to lie in order to test adult rules and limits. The child may admit to telling a lie, but usually he or she has many reasons for having done so. Rules are very important at this age, so cheating becomes less important. Hysteria is undoubtedly the first mental disorder attributable to women, accurately described in the second millennium BC, and Util Freud considered an exclusively female disease. The evolution of these diseases seems to be a factor linked with social “westernization”, and examining under what conditions the symptoms first became common in different societies became a priority for recent studies over risk factor. The study explored teacher’s perceptions of maladjustment problems manifested by pupils in West Bengal Secondary schools using the psycho-social lens to view and interpret the phenomena. The study found that teachers who were not adequately trained to deal with maladjusted pupils did not endeavour to implement any interventions to alleviate them. It also revealed that not all maladjusted pupils cause disciplinary problems for teachers as some of the pupils who are unsocial with drawn, unhappy, depressed, fearful and nervous do attract very little attention to themselves. In examining the causes of pupil maladjustments the study found that these can be traced to some unfulfilled or thwarted psy-cho-social needs. Several symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy life. An episode can occur only once in a person’s lifetime, but more often, a person has several episodes.

Inclusive education is burning issue of the present world and inclusive education is in its initial stage in Pakistan. This study was conducted to know the perception of mainstream school education teachers on different (psychological, social, academic, and general) and comparison of rural and urban areas mainstream teachers’ perception towards inclusive education. Total 90 teachers were the participants of this study. Data were collected personally by researcher on self-developed questionnaire on four domain; Psychological aspect, social aspects, academic aspects and general aspect. The collected information were analyzed through percentage, mean, SD, and t-test. The overall results of the study indicated that the majority of teachers have positive perception towards inclusive education, but it is necessary for proper preparation, training and facilities for better implementation.

With the spread of the Corona virus worldwide, concerns about the consequences of the virus on the physical and mental health of individuals have increased widely. In addition to the problems that poses to individuals and society in terms of physical health, the virus can also have a direct or indirect effect on people's mental health. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of this virus on the mental health of individuals during the corona virus epidemic. In this study, 550 individuals were evaluated using mental health assessment tools at different time points to investigate the effect of time in epidemic conditions on mental health.