Social Sciences

Nowadays, with the rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization, modernization and population growth, there are some problems in urban communities, which is one of the most important problems in urban communities are criminals and prisoners. This problem is more acute when, as we have the phenomenon of crime and recidivism and return to prison inmates to do. Given the importance of this study, using field survey techniques and the study We are looking for an answer to this question: What are the social factors affecting recidivism among prisoners? The population of the city is all prison inmates to commit robberies committed crimes more than once And a sample of 350 patients was studied. In order to answer the main question of this study is to analyze the relationship between variables such as social trust, in partnership with Friends of the offender, religion, feelings of social exclusion, economic - social, family and age as independent variables and recidivism, as the dependent variable will. The results indicate that with the exception of age, there is a significant relationship between independent and dependent variables investigated.

The aim of present study is to investigate the impact of metacognitive strategies on the improvement of Iranian EFL learners? listening comprehension skill. In order to achieve the goal of present study, a sample test of KET was administered to 70 students to check whether two groups are homogenous or not. Their ages varies between 12-15, after doing language test, participants were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups. The experimental group received listening tasks through metacognitive strategies in three phase ( pre-listening, listening, and post-listening). The Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) was developed by Vangrift et al. (2006) is used for both groups. A pretest was chosen from Cambridge Practice Test was given to the participants that ensure there were no significant difference between experimental and control groups, and they belong to the same population.. The experimental group had 16 training sessions, two hours each sessions; twice a week .used same materials were used for both groups. The students were asked to answer 7 questions of self-report after listening and 16 questions of checklists. After the treatment all participants had Cambridge test as post-test to check possible differences between treatment group and control group. Key words: listening comprehension, listening strategies, metacognition, metacognitive strategies.

Currently it is observed that political participation by youth in Malaysia is increasingly less well received, this is because most of these people are more focused on their studies and their careers. Therefore this paper will discuss the factors that influence the political participation of youth in Malaysia. Among the factors that are highlighted are the Demographic factors, Leadership and Management Factors, the factor of the Leaders’ Communication, Mass Media Factors and Social Environmental Factors that consists of Family Influence, Peer Influence and Influence of the Local Community. From these factors, to a certain extent we are able to more or less see in detail the problems that exist in the political participation of youth, which can also provide some input in the best way to encourage political participation of youth in Malaysia.

Helping English learners acquire a foreign language effectively is an essential issue which needs to be investigated. Obtaining a good listening comprehension which acts as a basis for the development of the other skills is very important. This study intended to explore and see whether using authentic English songs can improve the EFL learners’ listening comprehension. This paper reported the results of this study which was implemented on two groups in Tarlak English institute in Bandar Anzali. The study determined the effect of English songs on the language learners’ listening comprehension. This study was executed on 40 intermediate level students who were assigned to two groups as the control group and the experimental group. A pre and postlistening test was applied to both groups. The findings showed that the use of English songs had statistically significant impact on the language learners’ listening comprehension. Key Terms, listening, songs, authentic listening

As mobile technology continues to diffuse, the numbers of mobile subscribers continue to grow, so as the numbers of complaints toward telecommunication operators in Malaysia (Celcom, Maxis and DiGi). Based on National Consumer Complaint Centre (NCCC) annual report, there is an increase in number of complaints by 30 per cent in year 2007 as compared to previous year. This indicates that consumer are aware more of their rights or the telecommunication operators perform worse in 2007. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between students’ complaint behaviour and defection in Malaysian telecommunication industry. A convenience sampling technique and self administered questionnaires were used to collect data. A total of 366 university students from 18 Malaysian public higher learning instituition were recruited to participate in this study. The regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between the two variables. The study demonstrated that there is a strong positive linear relationship between students’ complaint behavior and defection.The study also found that the influence of private complaint on the defection is much stronger than public complaint which corroborates with the previous study.

The system of caste is said to have originated in India though the exact origin of caste system cannot be traced. The records of Indo Aryan Culture contains its first mention. According to Dr. Muzumdar the caste system took its birth after the arrival of Aryans in India. In order to maintain their separate existence the Indo-Aryans used for certain groups and orders of people the favourite word ‘Varna” and ‘Colour’. Of the relation subsisting between four classes-Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vis and Sudra-Brahmin is definitely said to be superior to Kshatriya.

This study was an attempt to find out to see any possible relationship between emotional intelligence and reading proficiency within English language students. This study aimed to determine whether emotional intelligence and English reading proficiency are correlated . In this work participants were 110 fresh men English language students, studying in Azad University , Tehran- North Branch , both male and female , who selected randomly . Regression and correlation analyses were used and results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the emotional intelligence and English reading proficiency, and also there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence sub- factors and English reading proficiency with no relationship between gender and two variables. key words: Reading, emotional intelligence.

Widespread perception about the motivations behind decision making process in purchase of a new product is crucial for the success behind the development of innovative products. This article used a quantitative research method to test hypothesises that were associated with different stimulating factors of consumers personality traits that affect the sale of new products; at the same time, it helped to highlight factors that have a significant effect. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to distribute questionnaires to 105 students living in the UK. This research paper has found out that differences in personality traits of consumers have a significant effect on buying behaviour and intentions in case of new products, which in turn affects the final purchase of the products.

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) serves as one of the most effective assessment tools to evaluate candidates’ overall English language proficiency being highly accepted by organizations and educational systems. Given that reading skills is believed to be a crucial skill for academic attainment (Cochran, 1993), test takers’ attitudes on reading for such an internationally recognized test and its relationship with their reading proficiency have been rarely explored. The present study was an attempt to investigate the attitudes of candidates towards IELTS test and its impact on their reading performance. To this end, 149 Participants (76 male and 73 female) were given a standardized attitude questionnaire (Rasti, 2009) to investigate the participants’ attitudes. The questionnaire was followed by two tests: A reading proficiency and a vocabulary test. The participants were also required to take a mock standard IELTS Academic Reading test to integrate statistical information. The results revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between the test takers’ attitudes towards the IELTS test and their reading performance. Additionally, there is a significant positive correlation between attitudes in general and reading proficiency and vocabulary knowledge. The findings consistent with other research (e.g., Chemutai, 2015; Hosseini, Hosseini, & Roudbari, 2013; Malallaha, 2000; Petrides, 2006) suggest that attitude should be considered as a key element through the processes of reading acquisition which may lead to better performance in proficiency tests. Key Words: attitude, proficiency, reading comprehension

This paper examines the effects and consequences of globalization on the identity of young Iranian. At first we describe concepts of globalization, identity, young and then with the method of analysis and explanation we seek the impact of these cases to know the impact of globalization on the identity component and their influence on Iranian young identity. Globalization is fueling a crisis of identity that challenges distinct form of official identification and facilitate the identification based on traditional value based on local value, identity-based on public value, open, plural and identification based on consumption.